Table 2.
Effect of split-tipping ventilation on mainstream smoke yields of toxicants
| Smoke constituent | ISO smoking regime | 60/2/30 VO smoking regime | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mg ISO tar | 4 mg ISO tar | 7 mg ISO tar | 10 mg ISO tar | 1 mg ISO tar | 4 mg ISO tar | 7 mg ISO tar | 10 mg ISO tar | |||||||||
| Control | Split | Control | Split | Control | Split | Control | Split | Control | Split | Control | Split | Control | Split | Control | Split | |
| 1-Aminonaphthalene (ng/cig) | 2.3 | 1.6 | 5.1 | 5 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 9.8 | 7.4 | 15 | 17 | 20.2 | 21.4 | 24.2 | 22.3 |
| 2-Aminonaphthalene (ng/cig) | 2 | 1.4 | 5 | 4.4 | 8.5ǂ | 7.6ǂ | 10.2 | 10.6 | 9.4ǂ | 6.8ǂ | 14.4 | 14.3 | 18.8 | 21.5 | 22 | 21.7 |
| 3-Aminobiphenyl (ng/cig) | 0.5ǂ | 0.3ǂ | 1.3 | 1.1 | 2.2ǂ | 1.9ǂ | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 |
| 4-Aminobiphenyl (ng/cig) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.1 |
| Ammonia (μg/cig) | 1 | <RL | 3.3 | 4 | 6.1ǂ | 6.9ǂ | 9.4 | 10.1 | 4.6ǂ | 3.3ǂ | 9.5ǂ | 7.5ǂ | 13 | 11.4 | 16 | 15.3 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene (ng/cig) | 2.2 | 1.4 | 6.8ǂ | 4.2ǂ | 7.8 | 7.7 | 10.4 | 9.2 | 6.2ǂ | 4.8ǂ | 10.3 | 10.4 | 16.6 | 17 | 19.3 | 18.3 |
| Acetaldehyde (μg/cig) | 78 | 54.8 | 215.3 | 170.4 | 352.3 | 314.7 | 496.6 | 455.1 | 402.2ǂ | 249.6ǂ | 720.4ǂ | 553.1ǂ | 905 | 798 | 1037.2 | 896.2 |
| Acetone (μg/cig) | 44.9 | 32.4 | 121.5 | 97.8 | 201.2 | 183.2 | 273.5ǂ | 252.1ǂ | 242ǂ | 152ǂ | 410.6ǂ | 317.8ǂ | 507.9 | 446.3 | 570.2 | 494.1 |
| Acrolein (μg/cig) | 5.8 | 3.8 | 19.6 | 14.9 | 35.9 | 30.1 | 52.2 | 47.8 | 40.6ǂ | 21.9ǂ | 86ǂ | 61.2ǂ | 110.7 | 94.4 | 132.1 | 111.1 |
| Butyraldehyde (μg/cig) | 6.7 | 5.3 | 15.7 | 13 | 25.4 | 23.2 | 35.5 | 32.3 | 34 | 22.9 | 57.2 | 44.3 | 72.6 | 64.1 | 83.1 | 71.9 |
| Crotonaldehyde (μg/cig) | 1.3 | 0.8 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 10.2 | 7.6 | 17 | 14.1 | 15.1 | 9.1 | 27.7 | 19.7 | 36.5 | 31.8 | 44.7 | 37.8 |
| Formaldehyde (μg/cig) | 1.3 | 0.9 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 13.5 | 11.9 | 24.7 | 22.9 | 9.3 | 6 | 23.7ǂ | 16.1ǂ | 41.4 | 34.3 | 64.8 | 50.7 |
| Methyl ethyl ketone (μg/cig) | 10.8 | 7.9 | 29 | 23.2 | 50.9 | 45.5 | 70.1 | 64.9 | 68.8 | 42.1 | 108.9 | 86.7 | 140.4 | 125.4 | 153.9 | 138.1 |
| Propionaldehyde (μg/cig) | 7.9 | 5.7 | 20.9 | 16.9 | 34.3 | 31.1 | 47.2 | 43.7 | 39.2ǂ | 24.8ǂ | 68.2ǂ | 54.2ǂ | 86.8 | 78.1 | 98.7 | 87.4 |
| Hydrogen cyanide (μg/cig) | 8 | 6 | 33.9ǂ | 23.1ǂ | 62.2 | 51.2 | 95.2 | 80.5 | 100.1ǂ | 49.6ǂ | 233.1ǂ | 141.3ǂ | 291.2 | 230.7 | 369.1 | 288.2 |
| CO (mg/cig) | 1.2 | 1 | 4.4ǂ | 3.4ǂ | 6.6 | 6.2 | 9.7ǂ | 8.7ǂ | 8.7ǂ | 5.2ǂ | 15.6ǂ | 12.3ǂ | 18.2 | 17 | 23ǂ | 20.5ǂ |
| NO (μg/cig) | 43.4ǂ | 70.7ǂ | 97.1ǂ | 84.5ǂ | 137 | 129.6 | 175.6 | 167.4 | 185.7ǂ | 142.9ǂ | 297.5 | 252.5 | 347.9 | 329 | 371.6 | 383.5 |
| Catechol (μg/cig) | 7.7 | 6.1 | 23.9 | 23.8 | 38.3 | 38.1 | 50.4 | 48.7 | 39.2 | 37.4 | 71.6 | 70.5 | 106.3 | 105.8 | 129 | 129.8 |
| Hydroquinone (μg/cig) | 6.7ǂ | 4.9ǂ | 24.3 | 23.2 | 39.9 | 39.3 | 50.1 | 48.6 | 40.9 | 36.3 | 73.9 | 71.7 | 112.1 | 104 | 133.6 | 127.7 |
| M-cresol (μg/cig) | <RL | <RL | 1.2 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 4 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 7.2 |
| O-cresol (μg/cig) | <RL | <RL | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 4.9 | 6 | 6.6 | 8.2 | 7 | 9.1 |
| P-cresol (μg/cig) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 13.8 | 17 | 15.2 | 18.7 |
| Phenol (μg/cig) | <RL | <RL | 4.4 | 5.2 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 15.2 | 16.1 | 8.4 | 10.2 | 17.5 | 22.6 | 23.4 | 29.7 | 25.1 | 33.3 |
| Resorcinol (μg/cig) | <RL | <RL | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3 | 2.8 |
| Pyridine (μg/cig) | <RL | <RL | 2.1ǂ | 1.5ǂ | 5 | 4 | 8 | 6.4 | 4.2ǂ | 2.1ǂ | 11.9ǂ | 8.4ǂ | 19.2ǂ | 16.3ǂ | 26.8 | 24.1 |
| Quinoline (μg/cig) | <RL | <RL | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3ǂ | 0.2ǂ | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Styrene (μg/cig) | 1 | <RL | 3.1ǂ | 1.7ǂ | 5.9 | 4 | 8.4 | 6.4 | 7ǂ | 3ǂ | 14.3ǂ | 9.4ǂ | 18ǂ | 15.1ǂ | 21.3 | 19.8 |
| N-Nitrosoanabasine (NAB) (ng/cig) | 1.6 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 12.3 | 10.7 | 13.3 | 14.2 | 16.7 | 16 |
| N-Nitrosoanatabine (NAT) (ng/cig) | 13.9 | 10.8 | 36.3 | 36.3 | 48.6 | 51.1 | 68.9 | 71.1 | 51 | 43.8 | 98.1 | 86.9 | 119.6 | 120.8 | 153.6 | 144.5 |
| N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) (ng/cig) | 18.3 | 14.8 | 49.7 | 46.3 | 61.7 | 64.6 | 90.6 | 99 | 70.3 | 59.3 | 139.3ǂ | 112.3ǂ | 155.2 | 158.1 | 195.5 | 184.9 |
| N-Nitrosonornicotine ketone (NNK) (ng/cig) | 7.3 | 5.7 | 19.4 | 18.5 | 27.4 | 30.1 | 40.2 | 50.2 | 25.8 | 18.6 | 49.2 | 42 | 67.5 | 70.4 | 80.5 | 78.9 |
| 1,3-Butadiene (μg/cig) | 6.7ǂ | 4.6ǂ | 22ǂ | 17ǂ | 32 | 28.2 | 42.6 | 39 | 40.4ǂ | 11.3ǂ | 67.6 | 57.1 | 82 | 78.3 | 96.6 | 92 |
| Acrylonitrile (μg/cig) | 1.1 | 0.7 | 4.6ǂ | 3.1ǂ | 7.7 | 6.1 | 11.2 | 9.4 | 10.5ǂ | 2.4ǂ | 18ǂ | 13.8ǂ | 24.1ǂ | 21.1ǂ | 28.5 | 25.7 |
| Benzene (μg/cig) | 8ǂ | 5.7ǂ | 25.4ǂ | 19.3ǂ | 37 | 33.3 | 47.8 | 42.5 | 45.5ǂ | 13.8ǂ | 73.6 | 60.2 | 87 | 83.6 | 100 | 92.5 |
| Isoprene (μg/cig) | 69.6 | 53.9 | 201ǂ | 158.9ǂ | 299 | 259.1 | 388.3 | 357.2 | 369.2ǂ | 114.9ǂ | 579.4 | 509.3 | 718.7 | 698.4 | 836.6 | 811 |
| Toluene (μg/cig) | 11.6ǂ | 6.7ǂ | 41.3ǂ | 28.3ǂ | 63.9ǂ | 52.8ǂ | 83.4ǂ | 68.2ǂ | 86.6ǂ | 21.9ǂ | 124.8 | 103.3 | 152.9 | 150 | 170.9 | 166.9 |
| Arsenic (ng/cig) | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | BDL | BDL | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ |
| Cadmium (ng/cig) | NQ | NQ | 6.5 | 5 | 11.3 | 10.1 | 20.6ǂ | 15.5ǂ | 12.2ǂ | 6.4ǂ | 30.1 | 23.3 | 39.2 | 33.9 | 51.8 | 48 |
| Chromium (ng/cig) | BDL | BDL | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | BDL | BDL | NQ | BDL | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ |
| Mercury (ng/cig) | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2 | NQ | NQ | 4.3 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
| Nickel (ng/cig) | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Lead (ng/cig) | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | BDL | BDL | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ |
| Selenium (ng/cig) | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Tar | 0.6 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 3 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 5.6 ǂ | 3.8 ǂ | 12.6 | 11.3 | 18.4 | 18.5 | 25.4 | 23.5 |
| Nicotine | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.32 | 0.3 | 0.58 | 0.55 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.51 ǂ | 0.36 ǂ | 1.07 | 0.99 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.84 | 1.77 |
ǂIndicates that the difference in yield between the split-tipping and control products was significant at a 95% confidence level.