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. 2014 Jul 4;3:339. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-339

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© Haramizu et al.; licensee Springer. 2014

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.

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Effects of milk-fat globule membrane (MFGM) on expression of genes associated with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling-related molecules. mRNA expression levels of IGF-1 (A), IGF-1 receptor (B), and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-5 (C) were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Values are means ± S.E. of 7 or 8 mice. ^†† P < 0.01, significant difference between ICR group and control SAMP1 group by unpaired t-test. ^* P < 0.05, significant difference vs. control SAMP1 group by Fisher’s PLSD posthoc test. Values are expressed as ratios, using the value of the control SAMP1 group as 1.0. MFGMEx, MFGM plus habitual exercise.