Table III.
Comparison of mechanisms by injury severity, resource utilization and outcomea
| Injury Severity Score (ISS) | ISS≥15 | Hospital days | Hospital charges, thousands of $US | Death | Unfavourable outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Penetrating | ||||||
| Gunshot wound | 9 (4–16) | 34 (30) | 4 (1–8) | 24.1 (10.2–52.9) | 24 (21) | 30 (26) |
| Stab, cut, or impalement | 4 (4–9) | 4 (6) | 2 (1–5) | 12.7 (6.5–29.5) | 0 | 0 |
| Blunt | ||||||
| Motor vehicle-related | ||||||
| Motor vehicle occupant | 9 (5–17) | 153 (30) | 3 (1–6) | 16.9 (8.1–38.8) | 28 (5) | 73 (14) |
| Motorcycle/dirt bike | 5 (4–9) | 25 (14) | 2 (1–5) | 14.2 (7.3–30.7) | 2 (1) | 13 (7) |
| All–terrain vehicle | 5 (4–9) | 58 (12) | 2 (1–4) | 11.3 (4.8–23.3) | 10 (2) | 20 (4) |
| Snowmachine | 5 (4–9) | 21 (8) | 2 (1–4) | 9.8 (4.2–25.4) | 1 (<1) | 5 (2) |
| Bicycle vs. motorized vehicle | 9 (8.5–14) | 15 (18) | 3 (1–6) | 17.4 (7.8–38.8) | 3 (3) | 11 (13) |
| Pedestrian vs. motorized vehicle | 9 (4–13) | 39 (20) | 2 (1–4) | 12.0 (4.8–26.8) | 18 (9) | 23 (11) |
| Non-motor vehicle-related | ||||||
| Bicycle | 4 (4–9) | 27 (8) | 1 (1–3) | 9.0 (4.6–19.1) | 3 (1) | 6 (2) |
| Fall – from skateboard | 4 (4–9) | 5 (5) | 1 (1–2) | 9.5 (6.4–14.3) | 0 | 0 |
| Fall – from building | 5 (4–10) | 22 (16) | 1 (1–3) | 10.3 (4.9–21.1) | 1 (1) | 6 (4) |
| Fall – from skis/snowboard | 4 (4–9) | 13 (7) | 1 (1–3) | 9.9 (6.3–21.2) | 0 | 3 (2) |
| Fall – from playground equipment | 4 (4–5) | 4 (2) | 1 (1–2) | 7.0 (4.1–12.4) | 0 | 2 (1) |
| Fall – other | 4 (4–9) | 79 (6) | 1 (1–2) | 7.5 (4.1–13.5) | 5 (<1) | 25 (2) |
| Sports | 4 (4–4) | 18 (5) | 1 (1–2) | 10.4 (5.5–18.8) | 1 (<1) | 3 (1) |
| Struck by person or object (non–motorized) | 4 (4–9) | 49 (15) | 2 (1–3) | 8.4 (4.3–17.8) | 10 (3) | 21 (6) |
| Sledding | 8 (4–9) | 7 (7) | 2 (1–4) | 13.0 (5.6–27.6) | 2 (2) | 7 (6) |
| Animal–related | 9 (4–10) | 9 (13) | 2 (1–6) | 16.7 (6.9–43.0) | 2 (3) | 5 (7) |
| Otherb | 4 (4–9) | 12 (8) | 1 (1–3) | 6.8 (3.4–19.6) | 6 (4) | 14 (9) |
Data presented as N (%) and median (interquartile range) for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
a
All variables demonstrated statistically significant variation by mechanism (p<0.05) on Chi-square and Kruskal–Wallis tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
b
Other category includes water transport, explosion, airplane, strain/overexertion and abuse/neglect not elsewhere classifiable.