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. 2014 Aug 8;8:232. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00232

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Copyright © 2014 Barnes and McDougal.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Nano-injection of leptin into the RVLM increased MAP and RSNA. Nano-injection of leptin (1 and 3 μg; 40 nL) into the RVLM increased MAP (A). Analysis of percent change in MAP was conducted with One-Way ANOVA which compared the MAP at 12 min following injection between each experimental condition (B). Peak response of leptin (1 and 3 μg) was 8.9 ± 2.9% and 7.6 ± 2.1% respectively. The MAP response to these treatments was significantly different from saline (−1.6 ± 1.6%) and leptin (0.3 μg) (−2.4 ± 1.0%). Leptin (1 and 3 μg) increased RSNA (C) 49 and 34%, respectively. (Bonferroni t-tests; ^*p < 0.05); arrows indicate time of first (−15 min) and second (0 min) injection. Analysis of percent change following the first inject was not statistically different from values obtained prior to the first injection.