Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the healthy control subjects and T2DM patients participating the study.
| Variable | Units | Healthy controls (N = 273) |
T2DM patients (N = 199) |
pa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (50% CI) | n (males, %) | Median (50% CI) | n (males, %) | |||
| Age | Years | 62 (54–70) | 273 (38) | 66 (59–71) | 199 (44) | ** |
| Duration of diabetes | Years | – | – | 8 (4–12) | 199 (44) | – |
| BMI | kg/m2 | 26.5 (23.9–29.9) | 268 (38) | 29.5 (26.2–33.7) | 191 (45) | *** |
| BGL | mmol/l | 4.8 (4.3–5.3) | 267 (38) | 7.2 (5.7–10.2) | 189 (44) | *** |
| HbA1c | % | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | 77 (36) | 6.8 (6.2–7.6) | 121 (43) | *** |
| mmol/mol | 38 (36–40) | 77 (36) | 51 (44–60) | 121 (43) | *** | |
| Total cholesterol (TC) | mmol/l | 5.1 (4.6–5.7) | 178 (36) | 4.4 (3.5–5.3) | 118 (47) | *** |
| LDL | mmol/l | 3.1 (2.6–3.5) | 115 (34) | 2.4 (1.6–3.1) | 103 (48) | *** |
| HDL | mmol/l | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 172 (35) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 115 (49) | *** |
| Triglyceride | mmol/l | 1.0 (0.8–1.6) | 127 (35) | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 112 (47) | *** |
| TC/HDL | – | 3.6 (3.0–4.6) | 172 (35) | 3.6 (3.0–4.2) | 115 (49) | N.S. |
| SBP | mmHg | 126 (118–140) | 269 (38) | 132 (125–145) | 198 (44) | *** |
| DBP | mmHg | 79 (70–83) | 269 (38) | 79 (71–84) | 198 (44) | N.S. |
| Medicationb | ||||||
| Anti-hypertensive | 63 (30) | 139 (40) | *** | |||
| Antidepressant | 17 (18) | 19 (32) | N.S. | |||
| Anti-cholesterol | 8 (25) | 22 (68) | ** | |||
***p ≤ 0.0001; **p ≤ 0.001; *p ≤ 0.027.
Values are expressed as Median (50% confidence interval).
aMann–Whitney U test for the difference between control subjects and T2DM patients.
bNumber of subjects using one or more of the listed medication types (the difference between the groups evaluated using cross-tabulation and Chi-squared statistics).