Table 2.
HRV parameter values for healthy control subjects and T2DM patients and their correlations with duration of diabetes, BGL, and HbA1c within T2DM patients.
| HRV parameter (units) | Healthy controls vs. T2DM patients |
Correlation coefficientsb |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (N = 273) Median (50% CI) | T2DM (N = 199) Median (50% CI) | pa | BGL (mmol/l) | HbA1c (%) | Duration (years) | |
| Mean RR (ms) | 963 (891–1051) | 903 (804–1015) | *** | −0.246** | −0.195* | −0.166* |
| SDNN (ms) | 25.1 (19.0–31.9) | 20.3 (14.2–27.7) | *** | −0.218* | −0.253* | −0.383*** |
| RMSSD (ms) | 25.0 (18.1–33.1) | 19.1 (12.5–28.0) | *** | −0.229* | −0.250* | −0.346*** |
| pNN50 (%) | 3.56 (1.11–10.27) | 2.02 (0.42–5.18) | ** | −0.247** | −0.238* | −0.267** |
| HRVi | 6.71 (5.29–8.49) | 5.81 (3.99–7.22) | *** | −0.238** | −0.230* | −0.398*** |
| TINN (ms) | 157 (119–214) | 124 (91–171) | *** | −0.149 | −0.250* | −0.363*** |
| LF power (dB) | 25.4 (22.6–27.9) | 23.1 (19.8–26.2) | *** | −0.186* | −0.234* | −0.372*** |
| HF power (dB) | 22.5 (19.7–25.8) | 21.2 (16.6–24.6) | ** | −0.173* | −0.204* | −0.359*** |
| Total power (dB) | 27.9 (25.6–30.1) | 25.9 (22.8–28.9) | *** | −0.197* | −0.251* | −0.418*** |
| LF power (n.u.) | 62.0 (49.5–73.7) | 62.3 (47.8–74.2) | N.S. | 0.013 | −0.053 | −0.003 |
| HF power (n.u.) | 37.5 (25.7–50.2) | 35.7 (25.1–51.4) | N.S. | −0.040 | 0.036 | −0.034 |
| SD1 (ms) | 17.7 (12.8–23.4) | 13.5 (8.9–19.8) | *** | −0.229* | −0.250* | −0.346*** |
| SD2 (ms) | 30.6 (23.0–39.4) | 25.0 (18.1–33.7) | *** | −0.208* | −0.252* | −0.385*** |
| SampEn | 1.73 (1.55–1.85) | 1.75 (1.62–1.88) | N.S. | −0.161* | 0.227* | 0.073 |
| DFA, α1 | 1.00 (0.82–1.15) | 1.01 (0.77–1.15) | N.S. | 0.060 | −0.056 | 0.013 |
| DFA, α2 | 0.35 (0.29–0.43) | 0.41 (0.31–0.50) | *** | 0.205* | 0.187 | 0.193* |
| D2 | 0.47 (0.16–1.02) | 0.27 (0.06–0.57) | ** | −0.230* | −0.209* | −0.263** |
***p ≤ 0.0001; **p ≤ 0.001; *p ≤ 0.027.
HRV parameter values are expressed as Median (50% confidence interval), adjusted for age, gender and BMI.
aMann–Whitney U test for the difference between control subjects and T2DM patients.
bSpearman’s rank correlation coefficients for the statistical dependence between HRV parameters and BGL, HbA1c and disease duration (computed within the diabetes group).