Table 2.

Self-reported happiness as a predictor of mortality, Thai Cohort Study 2009-2012

Cohort attributes	Multivariate adjusted odds ratio* [95% confidence interval] of mortality predictor
Self-reported happiness**
All of the time	Reference
Most of the time	1.66 [0.88-3.11]
Some of the time	1.69 [0.88-3.23]
Little of the time	2.60 [1.17-5.80]***
Sociodemographic attributes
Age-sex groups:
Males <40 years	Reference
Females <40 years	0.66 [0.43-0.99]***
Males ≥40 years	1.34 [0.78-2.31]
Females ≥40 years	0.57 [0.21-0.74]***
Marital status:
Married	Reference
Not married	1.67 [1.17-2.39] ***
Divorced/widowed	0.99 [0.24-4.16]
Household monthly income (Baht) :
≤10000	1.19 [0.41-3.50]
10001-20000	1.45 [0.71-2.98]
20001-30000	1.44 [0.84-2.49]
>30000	Reference
Residence:
Rural	Reference
Urban	0.89 [0.66-1.20]
Paid work :
≤10 hours per week	Reference
10-40 hours per week	0.83 [0.51-1.35]
>40 hours per week	0.74 [0.34-1.61]
Health-risk attributes
Smoking:
Never	Reference
Current	2.45 [1.61-3.74]***
Former	1.09 [0.71-1.66]
Alcohol drinking:
None per week
1-2 sessions per week	0.72 [0.43-1.20]
3+ sessions per week	1.27 [0.42-3.90]
Physical activities:
None per week	Reference
1-2 times per week	0.68 [0.45-1.03]
3-5 times per week	0.96 [0.65-1.44]
>5 times per week	0.72 [0.39-1.32]
Health and social attributes
Self-assessed health:
Excellent/very good	Reference
Fair	0.97 [0.70-1.34]
Poor or very poor	1.31 [0.74-2.31]
Cardio-metabolic conditions:
No	Reference
Yes	1.33 [0.97-1.84]
Social interaction:
Every week	Reference
1–2 times/month	1.08 [0.57-2.05]
Rarely/never	1.69 [0.62-4.58]

*The Odds Ratio for each variable is mutually adjusted for the influence of all the other variables in the Table.

**The question asks “in the past four weeks, how much of the time did you feel happy?”.

***Statistical significance at p<0.05.