. 2014 Jun 4;34(8):1270–1282. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.104

Table 1. Features of fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons and gamma oscillations.

Unique feature	References
A
Basket cell network	^{93, 94, 95, 96, 97}
Perisomatic control of pyramidal cells	^{56, 86, 89, 103, 104}
Fast-spiking (up to >100 Hz)	^{48, 56, 86, 88, 108}
Rapid AP kinetics and high Na⁺ entry ratio	^{134, 135, 138, 139, 141}
High numbers of mitochondria	^{74, 118, 119, 121, 123}
Generation of gamma oscillations	^{22, 36, 49, 51, 52}

B
Strong relationship to higher brain functions	^{25, 26, 28, 30, 31, 33}
High energy utilization	^{41, 57, 63, 64, 67}
Exquisite sensitivity to metabolic stress	^{41, 44, 47, 163, 164}

AP, action potential.

Some unique features of (A) fast-spiking, parvalbumin-positive interneurons and (B) gamma oscillations (30 to 100 Hz) are summarized, including a selection of key references. Note that mitochondria in parvalbumin-positive interneurons also contain higher levels of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) and cytochrome c.