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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 8.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Psychiatry. 2014 Aug 1;71(8):936–942. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.476

Table 2. Risk of ASD according to parent elevated SRS-A scores.

Case/control exposed n1 Crude Adjusted Model 12 Fully Adjusted Model3
In full study group (n=1649)4
Father elevated score 79/248 2.20 (1.62, 2.97) 2.10 (1.54, 2.88) 1.94 (1.38, 2.71)
Mother elevated score 54/199 1.16 (0.82, 1.63) 1.10 (0.77, 1.56) 0.95 (0.65, 1.40)
Either parent elevated score 105/389 1.80 (1.36, 2.36) 1.71 (1.28, 2.27) 1.51 (1.11, 2.05)
Both parents elevated scores 28/58 2.23 (1.38, 3.59) 2.02 (1.22, 3.32) 1.85 (1.08, 3.16)
In male children (n=924)5
Father elevated score 68/127 2.34 (1.65, 3.33) 2.27 (1.59, 3.22) 2.05 (1.40, 3.01)
Mother elevated score 48/104 1.29 (0.87, 1.91) 1.26 (0.85, 1.87) 1.13 (0.73, 1.73)
Either parent elevated score 90/202 1.88 (1.37, 2.59) 1.84 (1.34, 2.53) 1.62 (1.14, 2.29)
Both parents elevated scores 26/29 2.71 (1.55, 4.74) 2.53 (1.44, 4.44) 2.38 (1.30, 4.38)
In female children (n=725)6
Father elevated score 11/121 1.60 (0.78, 3.28) 1.60 (0.77, 3.30) 1.55 (0.73, 3.28)
Mother elevated score7 6/95 0.63 (0.26, 1.54) 0.58 (0.24, 1.43) 0.47 (0.18, 1.22)
Either parent elevated score 15/187 1.32 (0.69, 2.51) 1.26 (0.66, 2.41) 1.16 (0.59, 2.28)
Both parents elevated scores7 2/29 0.77 (0.18, 3.33) 0.70 (0.16, 3.07) 0.59 (0.13, 2.74)
1

Number of cases and controls respectively with parent score in the top 20% of the study distribution.

2

Adjusted for: child year of birth, child sex, maternal age, and household income.

3

Adjusted for: Model 1 covariates plus reported maternal diagnosed depression and child ADHD. Further adjustment for race, divorce status, paternal age, or maternal pre-pregnancy obesity did not materially alter results, with the exception of both parent elevated scores in the full study group: estimate was slightly attenuated with further adjustment for divorce status, OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.00, 2.96. Adjustment of mother models for father scores further attenuated results; adjustment of father models for mother scores did not materially alter results.

4

Full study group analysis n for parent models as follows: 1614 individuals for father, 1233 for mother, 1649 (full group) for either parent, 1198 for both parents.

5

Analyses conducted within male children only. N for parent models as follows: 905 individuals for father, 714 for mother, 924 for either parent, 695 for both parents.

6

Analyses conducted within female children only. N for parent models as follows: 709 individuals for father, 519 for mother, 725 for either parent, 503 for both parents.

7

Results should be interpreted with caution given model instability due to small exposed case n.