Table 1.
Results of Methylation Analysis of the 3 DMRs in Human Preimplantation Embryos Showing Aberrant Impinting.
| Case | Age | Infertile Factor | Stimulation Protocol | Insemination Mode | Embryos no. | Imprinted Loci | Day2 Quality | Day3 quality | Embryo Methylationa (%) | Sperm Methylationb (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cells | Gradeb | Cells | Gradec | |||||||||
| 12 | 33 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 47 | H19 | Uncleaved | – | 2 | 2 | 0 (0) | 94.9 |
| 18 | 31 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 52 | H19 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 95.6 |
| 19 | 29 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 59 | H19 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 23.6 (6.1) | 94.2 |
| 23 | 36 | Endometriosis | Long agonist | IVF | 60 | H19 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 27.8 | 94.5 |
| 23 | 36 | Endometriosis | Long agonist | IVF | 61 | H19 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 94.5 |
| 25 | 37 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 64 | PEG1 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 4 | 33.0 | |
| 51 | 28 | Oligospermia | Long agonist | ICSI | 100 | PEG1 | Uncleaved | — | 5 | 3 | 0 (0) | |
| 58 | 38 | Tube factor | antagonist | IVF | 104 | PEG1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
| 63 | 34 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 119 | PEG1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 32.5 (21.6) | |
| 63 | 34 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 120 | PEG1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 34.2 | |
| 79 | 25 | Azoospermia | Long agonist | ICSI | 122 | PEG1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 0 | |
| 85 | 30 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 123 | PEG1 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 69.9 (75.0) | 0 |
| 85 | 30 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 124 | PEG1 | Uncleaved | — | 5 | 2 | 0 | |
| 90 | 32 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 126 | PEG1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | |
| 92 | 31 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 127 | PEG1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | |
| 95 | 30 | Oligospermia | Long agonist | ICSI | 128 | PEG1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | |
| 98 | 33 | Endometriosis | Antagonist | IVF | 152 | KvDMR1 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 30.5 | |
| 102 | 29 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 172 | KvDMR1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 93.3 | 5.4 |
| 105 | 35 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 175 | KvDMR1 | Uncleaved | — | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| 110 | 36 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 180 | KvDMR1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 88.3 (91.3) | 4.5 |
| 112 | 30 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 188 | KvDMR1 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 48.8 | 0 |
| 112 | 34 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 191 | KvDMR1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 83.1 | 0 |
| 116 | 36 | Tube factor | Long agonist | IVF | 194 | KvDMR1 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2.8 (2.9) | |
Abbreviations: DMR, differentially methylated regions; ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF, in vitro fertilization;
aEmbryo methylation: each value is the percentage of methylation determined by pyrosequencing. The results of routine bisulfite sequencing are given in brackets.
b Sperm methylation: DNA methylation patterns in the sperm samples used to fertilize the corresponding embryos. The values were determined by pyrosequencing.
c Embryo grading: grade 1: embryo with blastomeres of equal size, no cytoplasmic fragments; grade 2: embryo with blastomeres of equal size, fragments less than 20%; grade 3: embryo with blastomeres of distinctly unequal size, or fragments between 20%-50%; and grade 4: fragments above 50%.