Protective effect of KME (A) and HDMPPA (B) on cell viability. THP-1-derived macrophages were incubated with different concentrations of KME (100, 250, and 500 μg/mL) or HDMPPA (10, 25, and 50 μg/mL) for 24 h followed by the addition of oxLDL (100 μg/mL) for 48 h. Cell viability was then examined by MTT assay. Data are expressed as mean±SD (n=3 in triplicates, P<.05). a–eIndicates significant difference.