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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 8.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Neurol. 2012 Jun 23;237(1):147–152. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.06.011

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

End-stage mSOD1 and M1 phenotype are toxic to motoneurons. (A) End-stage mSOD1 microglia express decreased levels of Ym1 mRNA than 11 week old mSOD1 or WT microglia. (B) CD163 mRNA expression is decreased in end-stage mSOD1 microglia compared with 11 week old mSOD1 or WT microglia. (C) End-stage mSOD1 microglia express less BDNF mRNA than 11 week old mSOD1 or WT microglia. (D) End-stage mSOD1 microglia express 5-fold more NOX2 mRNA than 11 week old mSOD1 microglia. Both ages of mSOD1 microglia express more NOX2 than their age-matched WT counterparts. (E) The number of surviving WT motoneurons in co-cultures with end-stage mSOD1 microglia is decreased compared with either motoneurons co-cultured with WT microglia or 11 week old mSOD1 microglia. (F) When co-cultured with end-stage mSOD1 microglia, the average neurite number on the WT motoneurons was decreased compared with WT motoneuron co-cultured with WT microglia or 11 week old mSOD1 microglia. (G) Immunochemical evaluation with SMI-32 antibody showed motoneuron morphological alterations. When co-cultured with end-stage mSOD1 microglia, motoneurons were less healthy compared with motoneurons co-cultured with WT or 11 week mSOD1 microglia; there were fewer motoneurons and the remaining motoneurons had smaller somas and shorter neurites. (H) The numbers of surviving WT motoneurons in cultures with WT astroglia and 11 week old mSOD1 microglia were increased compared with similar cultures containing WT astroglia and WT microglia. (I) When cultured with 11 week old mSOD1 microglia and WT astroglia, WT motoneurons had longer neurites compared with cultures with WT microglia. +p<0.05, end-stage WT MC vs. end-stage mSOD1 MC; #p<b0.05, 11 weeks mSOD1 MC vs. end-stage mSOD1 MC; ++p<0.01, end-stage WT MC vs. end-stage mSOD1 MC; ††p<0.01, 11 weeks WT MC vs. 11 weeks mSOD1 MC; *p<0.05, MN co-cultured with WT MC vs. MN co-cultured with end-stage mSOD1 MC; **p<0.01, MN co-cultured with WT MC vs. MN co-cultured with end-stage mSOD1 MC; &p<0.05, MN co-cultured with 11 weeks mSOD1 MC vs. MN co-cultured with end-stage mSOD1 MC; ‡p<0.05, MN/AC co-cultured with WT MC vs. MN/AC co-cultured with 11 weeks mSOD1 MC; p<0.05, MN/AC co-culture with 11 weeks mSOD1 MC vs. MN/AC co-culture with end-stage mSOD1 MC. Scale bar on panel G=50 μm. MN = motoneurons, MC = microglia, and AC = astroglia.