Table 2.
Selected load conditions that simulate walking under three different conditions.
| Remodeling load case | Cycles/day | Femoral head (N) | Orientation (°) FP | Abductor muscle forces (N) | Orientation (°) FP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low force case (LFC) (LFC = 0.1 × NFC) | 6000 | (1) 232 | 24 | (1) 70 | 28 |
| 2000 | (2) 116 | −15 | (2) 35 | −8 | |
| 2000 | (3) 155 | 56 | (3) 47 | 35 | |
| Normal force case (NFC) | 6000 | (1) 2317 | 24 | (1) 703 | 28 |
| 2000 | (2) 1158 | −15 | (2) 351 | −8 | |
| 2000 | (3) 1548 | 56 | (3) 468 | 35 | |
| High force case (HFC) (HFC = 1.5 × NFC) | 6000 | (1) 3244 | 24 | (1) 984 | 28 |
| 2000 | (2) 1621 | −15 | (2) 491 | −8 | |
| 2000 | (3) 2167 | 56 | (3) 655 | 35 |
Case NFC refers to the normal force case (standard walking gait) (Carter et al., 1987). Case LFC refers to the low force case (10% of the force of case NFC) and case HFC refers to the high force case (150% of the force of case NFC). The model consists of cortical (420 elements) and trabecular (1350 elements) and acetabulum (570 elements) regions. The femur is fixed at the bottom and loaded through the acetabulum and abductor muscle forces (details in Table 2) (Carter et al., 1987). Variable cortical bone thickness (dark gray), cancelous bone (light gray), and acetabulum (red).