Table 1. Overview of MRSA clone characteristics, site of isolation, and biofilm formation in static and shear flow assays.
MRSA clone (No. of strains) | Clonal complex | SCCmec type | Sequence type | Presence of pvl/ACME | Site of isolation | Biofilm formation in static assay** | Biofilm formation in shear flow assay | |||
Strong formers (n) | Moderate formers (n) | Weak formers (n) | + (n) | − (n) | ||||||
Southern Germany (6) | 5 | I | 228/5 | − | Nares (n = 4) Respiratory tract (n = 1) Nk *(n = 1) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
New York/Japan (4) | 5 | II | 5/496 | − | Abscess/wound (n = 2) Blood (n = 1) Nk (n = 1) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Iberian (4) | 8 | I | 247/336 | − | Abscess/wound (n = 1) Respiratory tract (n = 1) Stool (n = 1) Nk (n = 1) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Hungarian/Brazilian (12) | 8 | III | 239/241 | − | Abscess/wound (n = 5) Respiratory tract (n = 4) Nares (n = 1) Blood (n = 2) | 5 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 4 |
EMRSA-16 (4) | 30 | II | 36 | − | Nares (n = 2) Abscess/wound (n = 1) Nk (n = 1) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
USA600 (3) | 45 | II | 45 | − | Nares (n = 1) Nk (n = 2) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
Pediatric (5) | 5 | IV | 5 | − | Abscess/wound (n = 3) Respiratory tract (n = 1) Nares (n = 1) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
USA500 (8) | 8 | IV | 8 | − | Abscess/wound (n = 2) Nares (n = 2) Urinary tract (n = 1) Nk (n = 3) | 8 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
USA300 (3) | 8 | IV | 8 | pvl/ACME | Abscess/wound (n = 2) Blood (n = 1) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
EMRSA-15 (7) | 22 | IV | 22 | − | Nares (n = 2) Respiratory tract (n = 1) Blood (n = 1) Nk (n = 3) | 7 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 |
South-West Pacific (2) | 30 | IV | 30 | − | Abscess/wound (n = 1) Respiratory tract (n = 1) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
South-West Pacific (3) | 30 | IV | 30 | pvl | Abscess/wound (n = 3) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Berlin (11) | 45 | IV | 45 | − | Abscess/wound (n = 4) Respiratory tract (n = 4) Urinary tract (n = 2) Nares (n = 1) | 3 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 6 |
European (4) | 80 | IV | 80 | pvl | Abscess/wound (n = 3) Nares (n = 1) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
*Nk, Not known; **Defined cut-offs for strong, moderate, and weak biofilm formers (OD492: >0.027, 0.027–0.009, and <0.009, respectively).