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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2014 Mar 20;135(8):1931–1939. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28838

Table 1.

Selected model inputs

Costs Baseline ($) Range ($)
Screening
    Cytology 49 8b
    hr-HPV DNA testinga 62 54b
    Office visitc 160 80 - 320
Colposcopy with biopsyc 340 170 - 670
Treatmentc
    High-grade precancer 2,200
    Local 25,800 12,900 - 51,500
    Regional 51,600 25,800 - 100,200
    Distant 59,600 29,800 - 119,300
Test Characteristics Baseline (%) Range (%)
HPV DNAd
    Probability of HR-HPV given high-grade precancer + 85% 62-99%
    Probability of no HR-HPV given no high-grade precancer 89% 85-94%
Cytologye
    Probability of abnormal cytology given low-grade precancer 70% 50-70%
    Probability of abnormal cytology given high-grade precancer + 80% 50-80%
    Probability of normal cytology given normal histology 95%

*hr-HPV: high-risk human Papillomavirus; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; Local: Stage Ia-IIa, Regional: Stage IIb-IIIb, Distant: IVa-IVb. All costs are expressed in 2010 U.S. dollars (US$=NOK6.05).

a

Shares co-collection fee for cytology.

b

Based on published reimbursement fees.

c

Includes patient time and transport, rounded. Surveillance of women after treatment for high-grade precancer varies in clinical practice but was assumed to involve three negative primary screening results before returning to routine screening. The model records all costs associated with post-treatment surveillance.

d

Probability of hr-HPV DNA positivity given hr-HPV is assumed to be 100%, but lowered to 90% in sensitivity analysis.

e

Abnormal cytology is defined as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or worse.