Table 4.
Clinical characteristics for current patient series
| # | Age, race, sex | Side and site | Previous history | Duration and symptoms | Size; stage | Diagnosis, grade, HPV | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 38 B F | L; NC, E, P | N | 70 mo; sinusitis, vertigo and migraine | 3.5 cm; III | Inverted, SCC, grade 3, HPV− | Resection; 60 Gy | A, NED, no recurrences, 6.3 year |
| 2 | 62 W M | L; NC | N | 4 mo; sinusitis, obstruction | 5 cm; III | Inverted, SNUC, grade 3, HPV− | Wide resection; 70 Gy and chemotherapy | A, NED, no recurrences, 6.5 year |
| 3 | 72 B F | R; Ma | Y: 17 mo before | 5 mo; mass, obstruction, discharge and serous otitis | 7.5 cm; III | Inverted, SCC, grade 3, HPV− | Medial maxillectomy | A, NED, no recurrences, 4.4 year |
| 4 | 46 B M | Bi; NC, NP | Y: 7 mo before | 6 mo; mass, obstruction, epistaxis, hearing loss | 4 cm; IVA | Inverted, SCC, grade 3, HPV−, LN+ | FESS; 70 Gy; chemotherapy | A, NED, no recurrences, 4.3 year |
| 5 | 55 W M | L; NC, NP, Mastoid | Y: 4 recurrences, with 42 mo from 1st diagnosis to carcinoma | 300 mo; mass and hearing loss | 4 cm; IVA | Inverted, SCC, grade 2, HPV+ | Exenteration; 66 Gy; chemotherapy | A; L, local recurrence with surgery, 3.5 year |
| 6 | 72 W M | R; Ma | N | 10 mo; mass, pain, discharge, epistaxis, polyps, sinusitis, transient diplopia and periorbital swelling | 2.9 cm; II | Inverted, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, grade 3, HPV− | Wide resection (including Caldwell Luc), 60 Gy | D, L, local recurrence to skull base, with surgery, 2.4 year |
| 7 | 50 W F | L; NC (septum) | N | 8 mo; mass, occasional sore throat and hoarseness | 3 cm; I | Exophytic, SCC, grade 2, HPV− | FESS; radiation (unknown total dose) | A, NED, no recurrences; 1.9 year |
| 8 | 58 W M | R; NC; S; skull base | N | 27; discharge, obstruction and sinusitis | 5 cm; IVA | Inverted; SCC, grade 3, HPV− | FESS; 66 Gy | A, NED, no recurrences; 1.1 year |
| 9 | 70 W F | Bi; Ma | Y: 2 recurrences, with 62 mo from 1st diagnosis to carcinoma | 5 mo; mass, epistaxis | 2 cm; 0 | Inverted; carcinoma in situ, grade 1, HPV− | FESS | A, L, recurrence 8 months after primary, treated by surgery, 1 year |
| 10 | 54 W M | R; NC (septum) | N | 6 mo; obstruction | 3.0 cm; II | Exophytic, SCC, grade 3, HPV+ | FESS | A, L, incomplete excision with local disease remaining; 1.0 year |
| 11 | 46 W M | R; NC; Ma; E, NP | N | 4 mo; mass, pain, epistaxis, difficulty breathing, weight loss | 3.0 cm; IVA | Inverted, SCC, grade 2, HPV+ | Wide excision; radiation on-going; chemotherapy | A, L, disease is still present; 0.3 year |
| 12 | 50 W M | Bi; NC; S, ear | N | 120 mo; mass, sinusitis, hearing loss, tinnitus | 5.4 cm; IVA | Inverted, SCC, grade 2, HPV+ | Wide resection; 60 Gy; chemotherapy | A, NED, no recurrences, 0.4 year |
| 13 | 76 W F | R; NC; E; S | N | 2 mo; mass, epistaxis, sinusitis, obstruction | 3.7 cm; III | Inverted; SCC in situ, grade I, HPV−, LN+ | FESS; lymph node dissection | A, NED, but only 0.3 year |
| 14 | 79 W M | R; Ma | Y: 9.8 mo before | 8 mo; mass, obstruction | 5.3 cm; III | Inverted, SCC, grade 2, HPV− | Wide resection | A, NED, no recurrences, but only 0.3 years |
| 15 | 74 F | R; Ma | N | 1 mo; mass | 5.5 cm; IVA | Inverted, SCC, grade 1, HPV− | Wide resection | Lost to follow-up |
| 16 | 86 F | L; E | N | 2 weeks; discharge and diplopia | 6 cm; III | Inverted, SCC, grade 1, HPV− | Resection; radiation and chemotherapy | A, NED, no recurrences, 1.6 year |
| 17 | 63 W M | Bi; NC; E | N | 120 mo; mass, polyps and headache | 5 cm; IVA | Inverted, SCC, grade 3, HPV− | Wide resection; radiation and chemotherapy | A, NED, no recurrence, but only 0.3 year |
| 18 | 60 W M | L; Ma; E | N | unknown symptoms | 3.5 cm; III | Inverted, SCC, grade 1, HPV− | Wide resection | A, NED, no recurrences, 5.2 year |
| 19 | 50 W M | Bi; NC; Ma | Y: 73 mo before | 24 mo; polyps | 2.7 cm; II | Exophytic, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, grade 3, HPV− | Wide resection; radiation | A, NED, no recurrences, 1.2 year |
| 20 | 52 W M | L; S | Y: 29 mo before | 14 mo; mass | 1.0 cm; I | Inverted, SCC, grade 1, HPV− | Wide resection | A, NED, no recurrences, 2.5 year |
HPV human papillomavirus, F Female, M Male, B Black, W White, L Left, R Right, Bi Bilateral, NC Nasal cavity, F Frontal, S Sphenoid, Ma Maxillary sinus, E Ethmoid, NP Nasopharynx, mo months, SCC Squamous cell carcinoma, Gy Gray, A Alive, D Dead, NED no evidence of disease, LD local disease, yr years, SNUC Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, FESS Functional endoscopic sinus surgery, LN lymph node metastasis