Activation of P2X1 and P2X3 receptors does not inhibit DNA synthesis induced by FGF2. Primary cultures of rat cortical astrocytes were shifted to the quiescent state by incubation in phenol red-free DMEM containing 0.5% horse serum for 48–72 hr. These cultures were then treated with FGF2 (25 ng/ml) alone or in the presence of αβ-methylene ATP (10 or 100 uM), an agonist of P2X1 and P2X3 receptors, or BzATP (100 uM), an agonist of P2X7 receptors, and DNA synthesis was measures as described in Materials and Methods. H3-Thymidine incorporation in control cultures was 13,018 ± 2392 cpm/mg protein (Mean ± SEM, n = 3). αβ-methylene ATP did not significantly affect FGF2-induced DNA synthesis whereas BzATP did (* p < 0.05), thereby indicating that the inhibitory effect of P2X7 receptors is not a general effect common to all subtypes of P2X receptors.