Table 4.

Bivariate and Multivariable Logistic Regression Models of Childhood and Adolescent Predictors of Treatment for Substance Use (N=522).

	Column A		Column B

	Bivariate		Multivariable
	OR	95% CI	aOR	95% CI
Female	0.54^*	(0.34, 0.84)	0.76	(0.36,1.58)
Proximal Factors
Substance use severity	2.28^*	(1.97, 2.64)	2.45^*	(2.04, 2.96)
Socioeconomic status at age 32
Health insurance	0.40^*	(0.25, 0.67)	0.77	(0.36, 1.67)
Poverty	1.74^*	(1.11, 2.71)	0.79	(0.38, 1.65)
Unemployment	2.26^*	(1.47, 3.48)	1.43	(0.71, 2.88)
Distal Factors
Early Social Behavior
First Grade Classroom Behavior
Aggressive	2.09^*	(1.35, 3.23)	2.17^*	(1.10,4.28)
Shy	1.06	(0.67, 1.67)
Underachieving	1.26	(0.82, 1.92)
Restless	1.49⁺	(0.96, 2.30)
Immature	1.28	(0.83, 1.99)
Adolescent Delinquency	1.01	(0.99, 1.03)
Early Family Environment
Parent education
<HS diploma	Ref.		Ref.
HS diploma	0.73⁺	(0.47, 1.13)	0.67	(0.33, 1.33)
Poverty
None	Ref.
At 1 Time Point	1.07	(0.60, 1.90)
Persistent Poverty	1.17	(0.67, 2.07)
Family Involvement	1.01	(0.99, 1.04)
Family Conflict	1.00	(0.98, 1.02)
Academic Achievement
1^st grade Readiness to Learn (MRT)	1.00	(0.99, 1.01)
School Bonds	1.01	(0.97, 1.06)
Educational Attainment
<HS diploma	Ref.
HS diploma	0.64⁺	(0.40, 1.01)	1.11	(0.52, 2.38)
Mental Health
Mother's Symptom Inventory
Low	Ref.		Ref.
Moderate	1.12	(0.69, 1.81)	0.90	(0.43, 1.86)
High	0.64^·	(0.36, 1.13)	0.64	(0.27, 1.51)
Adolescent Help Received	1.11	(0.65, 1.90)
Adolescent Anxiety (standardized)	0.87	(0.62, 1.22)
Adolescent Depression (standardized)	0.94	(0.68, 1.29)
Adolescent Substance Use
Early Substance Use
No use ≤14	Ref.		Ref.
Use ≤14	3.00^*	(1.89, 4.75)	1.55	(0.74, 3.25)
Adolescent Alcohol Use
No Use	0.43^·	(0.12, 1.54)	0.27	(0.03, 2.32)
Experimental Use	Ref.		Ref.
Regular Use	1.22	(0.75, 2.00)	1.10	(0.50, 2.42)
Adolescent-onset of SUD	4.96^*	(2.99, 8.22)	0.42	(0.18, 1.01)

^·

p<0.20,

⁺

p < 0.10,

p < 0.05 (For multivariable analyses, only p<0.05 denoted)