Table 3.
Summary of animal and human data for reversal of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban using factor concentrates.
| Dabigatran | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animal | Human | Animal | Human | Animal | Human | |
| 3-factor PCC | Case report +/− | |||||
| 4-factor PCC | Rats +/− Rabbits + Mice − Mice ICH + |
In vitro + In vivo − Case report − |
Rats + Rabbits +/− |
In vitro +/− In vivo + |
In vitro + | |
| aPCC | Rats +/− Mice − |
In vitro + | Rat + Primate + |
In vitro + | In vitro + | |
| rfVIIa | Rats +/− Mice +/− Mice ICH − |
In vitro + Case report +/− |
Rat + Rabbits +/− Primate +/− |
In vitro +/− | In vitro + | |
+: effective; −: ineffective; +/−: mixed results between studies or between coagulation testing and bleeding outcomes; PCC: prothrombin complex concentrate; aPCC: activated prothrombin complex concentrate; rfVIIa: recombinant factor VIIa.