Table 1.
Characteristics of past-year nonmedical ADHD stimulant classes identified through latent class analysis in a sample of the US population aged 18 and above (N= 6,103): data from 2006–2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
| Characteristics |
Low substance class N (Wgt%) |
Prescription drug class N (Wgt%) |
Prescription drug class vs Low substance class aORa (95% CI) |
Alcohol- marijuana class N (Wgt%) |
Alcohol-marijuana class vs Low substance class aORa (95% CI) |
Multiple substance class N (Wgt%) |
Multiple substance class vs Low substance class aORa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Total | 2,995(53.3) | 718(13.3) | 2,064(28.8) | 326(4.6) | |||
|
| |||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 1,556(54.6) | 34 9(51.5) | 1.00 | 1,271(62.4) | 1.00 | 193(63.7) | 1.00 |
| Female | 1,439(45.4) | 369(48.5) | 1.18(0.92,1.50) | 793(37.6) | 0.74(0.62,0.89)† | 133(36.3) | 0.74(0.52,1.04) |
|
| |||||||
| Age | |||||||
| 18-25 | 2,578(61.0) | 55 8(50. 1) | 1.00 | 1,912(80.1) | 1.00 | 299(75.6) | 1.00 |
| ≥ 26 | 417(39.1) | 16 0(49.9) | 1.23(0.84,1.79) | 152(19.9) | 0.52(0.37,0.72)‡ | 27(24.5) | 0.71(0.38,1.31) |
|
| |||||||
| Race | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 2,533(86.4) | 620(89.5) | 1.00 | 1717(85.6) | 1.00 | 258(84.3) | 1.00 |
| Minorities | 462(13.6) | 98(10.6) | 0.69(0.31,1.16) | 347(14.4) | 1.01(0.77,1.33) | 68(15.7) | 1.03(0.63,1.68) |
|
| |||||||
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married | 225(15.9) | 73 (18.4) | 1.00 | 66(5.0) | 1.00 | 8(6.4) | 1.00 |
| No longer married | 107(8.3) | 62 (17.7) | 1.63(0.97,2.75) | 46(4.4) | 1.63(0.83,3.23) | 14(6.7) | 1.69(0.37,7.67) |
| Never married | 2,663(75.9) | 583(63.9) | 0.84(0.51,1.38) | 1,952(90.6) | 2.35(1.44,3.84)† | 304(86.9) | 2.16(0.78,6.89) |
|
| |||||||
| Employment | |||||||
| Full/Partial | 2,116(72.8) | 45 9(65.7) | 1.00 | 1,376(67.9) | 1.00 | 185(59.1) | 1.00 |
| Unemployed | 214(7.6) | 10 0(12.4) | 1.66(1.08,2.55)* | 249(11.2) | 1.41(1.03,1.94)* | 79(20.8) | 2.55(1.56,4.17)‡ |
| Not labor force | 665(19.7) | 159(21.9) | 1.23(0.83,1.83) | 439(21.0) | 1.05(0.83,1.31) | 62(20.2) | 1.10(0.62,1.95) |
|
| |||||||
| Education | |||||||
| < high school | 271(8.8) | 15 6(16.2) | 1.00 | 282(11.6) | 1.00 | 85(20.9) | 1.00 |
| High school | 645(19.7) | 23 8(33.8) | 0.92(0.62,1.38) | 622(27.9) | 1.05 (0.79,1.39) | 143(47.6) | 1.04(0.61,1.78) |
| ≥ College | 2,079(71.5) | 324(50.0) | 0.40(0.26,0.63)‡ | 1,160(60.6) | 0.66(0.50,0.86)† | 98(31.6) | 0.20(0.11,0.34)‡ |
|
| |||||||
| Income | |||||||
| < $20,000 | 1,198(32.2) | 24 0(27.4) | 1.00 | 866(37.4) | 1.00 | 121(35.6) | 1.00 |
| $20,000- $49,999 | 763(26.9) | 24 9(39.3) | 1.53(1.10,2.12)* | 547(28.5) | 1.05(0. 85,1.31) | 91(29.9) | 0.92(0.57,1.49) |
| $50,000- $74,999 | 368(13.6) | 92 (10.8) | 0.86(0.55,1.37) | 235(12.8) | 0.98(0.75,1.29) | 43(11.0) | 0.72(0.41,1.24) |
| ≥ $75,000 | 666(27.3) | 173(22.5) | 1.04(0.74,1.45) | 416(21.3) | 0.80(0.66,0.97)* | 71(23.5) | 0.88(0.55,1.41) |
|
| |||||||
| Past-year Depression | |||||||
| No | 2,658(88.2) | 50 2(69.4) | 1.00 | 1,778(87.6) | 1.00 | 222(71.7) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 299(11.8) | 205(30.6) | 3.40(2.05,5.63)‡ | 249(12.4) | 1.29(0.92,1.82) | 99(28.3) | 2.92(2.15,3.96)‡ |
|
| |||||||
| Past-year Anxiety | |||||||
| No | 2,749(91.6) | 532(71.8) | 1.00 | 1,853(89.8) | 1.00 | 238(76.0) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 246(8.5) | 186(28.2) | 4.09(2.71,6.17)‡ | 211(10.2) | 1.47(1.06,2.04)* | 88(24.0) | 4.15(2.56,6.74)‡ |
|
| |||||||
| Past-year serious psychological distress | |||||||
| No | 2,372(78.2) | 36 7(47.6) | 1.00 | 1,448(71.6) | 1.00 | 158(46.4) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 623(21.8) | 351(52.4) | 3.54(2.76,4.54)‡ | 616(28.4) | 1.63(1.32,2.02)* | 168(53.6) | 4.52(3.11,6.57)‡ |
|
| |||||||
| Past-year mental health treatment | |||||||
| No | 2,483(81.6) | 41 7(52.9) | 1.00 | 1,640(78.0) | 1.00 | 203(59.9) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 502(18.4) | 296(47.1) | 3.95(2.78,5.62)‡ | 418(22.0) | 1.51(1.08,2.10)* | 120(40.1) | 4.12(2.81,5.89)‡ |
|
| |||||||
| Past-year SUD treatment | |||||||
| No | 2,866(95.2) | 57 3(74.5) | 1.00 | 1,852(90.3) | 1.00 | 231(70.9) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 129(4.8) | 145(25.5) | 5.99(3.82,9.41)‡ | 212(9.7) | 2.33(1.52,3.28)‡ | 95(29.1) | 7.27(4.37,12.01)‡ |
|
| |||||||
| Past-year deviant Behaviors | |||||||
| No | 2,497(84.6) | 40 0(63.3) | 1.00 | 1,103(56.9) | 1.00 | 65(20.7) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 498(15.4) | 318(36.7) | 3.07(2.37,3.97)‡ | 961(43.1) | 3.67(3.03,4.43)‡ | 261(79.3) | 16.59(11.03,24.96)‡ |
|
| |||||||
| Past-year arrest | |||||||
| No | 2,715(90.6) | 55 5(80.2) | 1.00 | 1,681(84.2) | 1.00 | 201(66.7) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 280(9.4) | 163(19.8) | 2.03(1.54,2.67)‡ | 383(15.8) | 1.53(1.17,1.99)‡ | 125(33.3) | 3.36(2.14,5.28)‡ |
|
| |||||||
| Past-year STD | |||||||
| No | 2,905(95.7) | 68 9(97.0) | 1.00 | 1,993(96.5) | 1.00 | 304(90.4) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 90(4.3) | 29(3.0) | 0.68(0.33,1.40) | 71(3.5) | 0.86(0.49,1.51) | 22(9.6) | 2.95(1.47,5.95)† |
Note: aOR stands for adjusted odds ratio, CI for confidence interval and Wgt% for percentages weighted by the survey weights.
*
p<0.05,
†
p<0.01,
‡
p<0.001
a
Adjusted model was adjusted for gender, age, race, marital status, employment, education, and income.