Table 2.
Effect of Ankle Braces on Muscle Activation Patterns during the Forward Lunge Exercise
| Isolated Muscle Activation | Distal/Proximal Muscle Activation | Total Muscle Activation | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscles | No Brace Mean±SD | Brace Mean±SD | p‐value ES (95% CI) | No Brace Mean±SD | Brace Mean±SD | p‐value ES (95% CI) | No Brace Mean±SD | Brace Mean±SD | p‐value ES (95% CI) | |||
| Anterior Tibialis | Pre‐IC | 0.57±0.46 | 0.58±0.46 | .87 0.01 (‐0.70, 0.73) | ||||||||
| Post‐IC | 0.59±0.60 | 0.60±0.36 | .99 0.00 (‐0.71, 0.72) | |||||||||
| Peroneus Longus | Pre‐IC | 0.24±0.14 | 0.22±0.13 | .19 ‐0.19 (‐0.91, 0.53) | Pre‐IC | 1.21±0.73 | 1.10±0.70 | .12 ‐0.14 (‐0.86, 0.57) | ||||
| Post‐IC | 0.35±0.17 | 0.30±0.15 | .03* ‐0.32(‐1.04, 0.40) | Post‐IC | 1.29±0.75 | 1.20±0.52 | .39 ‐0.15 (‐0.86, 0.57) | |||||
| Lateral Gastrocnemius | Pre‐IC | 0.39±0.35 | 0.31±0.37 | .03* ‐0.23 (‐0.95, 0.49) | ||||||||
| Post‐IC | 0.35±0.22 | 0.30±0.22 | .23 ‐0.20 (‐0.92, 0.52) | Pre‐IC | 1.58±0.76 | 1.47±0.70 | .15 ‐0.15 (‐0.87, 0.57) | |||||
| Rectus Femoris | Pre‐IC | 0.14±0.09 | 0.13±0.09 | .98 0.00 (‐0.72, 0.71) | Post‐IC | 1.82±0.87 | 1.77±0.67 | .60 ‐0.06 (‐0.78, 0.65) | ||||
| Post‐IC | 0.24±0.17 | 0.25±0.14 | .39 0.09 (‐0.63, 0.81) | |||||||||
| Biceps Femoris | Pre‐IC | 0.14±0.09 | 0.12±0.06 | .23 ‐0.25 (‐0.97, 0.47) | Pre‐IC | 0.37±0.16 | 0.36±0.14 | .68 ‐0.05 (‐0.77, 0.67) | ||||
| Post‐IC | 0.13±0.05 | 0.13±0.05 | .58 0.08 (‐0.64, 0.80) | Post‐IC | 0.53±0.25 | 0.57±0.26 | .16 0.16 (‐0.56, 0.88) | |||||
| Gluteus Medius | Pre‐IC | 0.10±0.06 | 0.11±0.06 | .41 0.14 (‐0.58, 0.85) | ||||||||
| Post‐IC | 0.17±0.10 | 0.20±0.13 | .28 0.22 (‐0.50, 0.93) | |||||||||
p‐values are for paired t‐Test Statistical Results – Level of significance set a priori at p≤0.05,
*
denotes significant difference between brace and no brace conditions.
ES= Cohen's d Effect Sizesand CI= 95% Confidence IntervalsNote: Negative ES indicates decreased muscle activity in braced condition
Positive ES indicates increased muscle activity in braced condition
SD – Standard Deviation
Pre‐IC= Pre‐Initial Contact Root Mean Square area 50ms
Post‐IC= Post‐Initial Contact Root Mean Square area 100ms