Table 1.

Tested positions. All the measurements were performed passively and subjects were instructed to relax their shoulder and arm. Note: No overpressure was applied in scapular plane abduction and low flexion, rather; only gravity was allowed to pull the forearm to the end range. In extension with internal rotation and horizontal adduction tests, scapular movement marked the end of passive range.

Position	Experimental Position and Procedure	Figure of the Position
Extension with internal rotation (EIR)	In sitting, shoulder joint abducted to 60°*in the plane of scapula (POS) and then horizontally abducted 90° with the elbow maintained in 90° flexion; add GH internal rotation.
Scapular Plane Abduction (SAB)	In standing, shoulder joint abducted 60° in the POS with the neutral GH IR/ ER rotation; add GH internal rotation.
Low Flexion (LF)	In standing, shoulder joint flexed to 60°; add internal rotation
Horizontal adduction (HAD)	In supine lying, shoulder joint flexed to 90°; adducted across the body. A wedge angled 30° was placed under the scapula to maintain the scapular plane

^*Goniometers fixed at 60° and 90° were used to orient the shoulder joint to the starting position of all the measurements.