Table 4.
Studies of access or quality of care barriers related to provider delay
| Access or quality barriers |
Studies |
||
| Country | Year of publication | Sample size | |
| Low socioeconomic status | England[47] | 2005 | 19760 |
| Canada[48] | 2007 | 696 | |
| Ethnic minorities | United States[31] United States[51] United States[54] | 2000 2004 2011 | 1659 831 246957 |
| Lack of health insurance | United States[54] | 2011 | 246957 |
| Patient’s old age | United States[54] | 2011 | 246957 |
| Patient’s young age | England[55] | 1999 | 36222 |
| Italy[56] | 2001 | 644 | |
| Scotland[57] Scotland[58] England[47] | 2004 2004 2005 | 1069 5283 19760 | |
| Travel time to hospital | Thailand[36] | 2013 | 180 |
| Distance from hospital | Thailand[36] | 2013 | 180 |
| Long waiting times to get medical appointments | Mexico[33] | 2011 | 125 |
| Consulting 3 or more different health services before arrival to a cancer center | Mexico[33] | 2011 | 125 |
| Type of first health service contacted | Thailand[35] | 2000 | 94 |
| Medical specialty of first provider consulted | Italy[56] | 2001 | 644 |
| Medical errors in initial diagnosis, screening interpretation or pathology review | United States[31] | 2000 | 1659 |
| England[64] | 2000 | 1004 | |
| Thailand[35] | 2000 | 94 | |
| United States[65] Scotland[58] Netherlands[119] Canada[48] Mexico[33] | 2002 2004 2004 2007 2011 | 454 5283 153969 696 125 | |