Table 3.

Standardized Coefficients From Latent Growth Curve Models of Children’s Behavioral Problems

Predictor	Externalizing behavioral problemsa (n = 767)				Internalizing behavioral problemsb (n = 770)
	3 Years	5 Years		9 Years	3 Years	5 Years		9 Years
	Level 1 equation
Supportiveness
1 Year	−0.07	−0.07		−0.02	0.02	0.05		0.02
3 Years	−0.09*	−0.05		0.07	−0.08†	−0.05		0.05
5 Years		−0.08†		−0.06		−0.11*		−0.07
9 Years				−0.10**				−0.12**
	Level 2 equation
	α		β		α		β
Intercept	6.14**		−5.32**		4.23**		−0.51

Note: Supportiveness was based on couples’ reports. Models include controls for parents’ marital status at focal child’s birth, mothers’ and fathers’ ages, mothers’ race/ethnicity, whether parents were of a different race, mothers’ education, whether fathers had more education than mothers, parents’ income-to-needs ratio, mothers’ and fathers’ physical health, mothers’ and fathers’ depression, mothers’ and fathers’ attendance at religious services, whether mothers and fathers lived with both of their biological parents when they were 15 years old, parents’ number of other children together, whether parents had children with other partners, children’s gender, and children’s temperament.

^aModel fit: χ²(29) = 8.37, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.00, comparative fit index = 1.00.

^bModel fit: χ²(29) = 13.82, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.00, comparative fit index = 1.00.

^†p ≤ .10.

^*p ≤ .05.

^**p ≤ .01.