Table 2.

Physiologic parameters monitored during 5 h of isoflurane (n= 5), ketamine (n= 4) or propofol (n= 4) anesthesia in neonatal rhesus macaques

		Time after induction of anesthesia
	Group	0.5 h	2.5 h	4.5 h	Overalla
Heart rate (bpm)	Isoflurane	175 ± 14	173 ± 18	184 ± 23	176 ± 14
	Ketamine	164 ± 25	166 ± 30	164 ± 43	167 ± 33
	Propofol	176 ± 5	166 ± 27	160 ± 26	171 ± 18
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	Isoflurane	59 ± 15b	61 ± 7b	63 ± 6	60 ± 9b
	Ketamine	86 ± 10d,e	75 ± 9	72 ± 13	74 ± 5
	Propofol	73 ± 11d,e	64 ± 4	62 ± 9	71 ± 5
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	Isoflurane	27 ± 3b,c	30 ± 10	28 ± 3	28 ± 5
	Ketamine	55 ± 11d,e	31 ± 13	28 ± 7	37 ± 8
	Propofol	46 ± 11d,e	29 ± 4	27 ± 8	36 ± 2
Mean blood pressure (mm Hg)	Isoflurane	38 ± 6b	41 ± 9	40 ± 3	38 ± 6b
	Ketamine	64 ± 11d,e	44 ± 5	42 ± 5	49 ± 6
	Propofol	52 ± 11d,e	41 ± 2	39 ± 6	47 ± 3
Respiratory rate (bpm)	Isoflurane	23 ± 3	24 ± 9	23 ± 6	22 ± 2
	Ketamine	29 ± 5	25 ± 4	24 ± 4	26 ± 2
	Propofol	27 ± 8	22 ± 3	22 ± 2	24 ± 5
End-tidal CO2 (mm Hg)	Isoflurane	27 ± 5	29 ± 6	28 ± 4	28 ± 3
	Ketamine	27 ± 2	26 ± 2	28 ± 3	27 ± 1
	Propofol	27 ± 7	25 ± 3	28 ± 8	27 ± 2
SpO2 (%)	Isoflurane	95 ± 5	98 ± 3b	97 ± 3	97 ± 3
	Ketamine	98 ± 3	90 ± 6	93 ± 4	94 ± 4
	Propofol	100 ± 1	98 ± 2b	99 ± 2	98 ± 1
Rectal temperature (°C)	Isoflurane	37.0 ± 1.0	37.9 ± 0.4	37.8 ± 0.6	37.5 ± 0.4
	Ketamine	37.6 ± 0.9	38.3 ± 0.5	38.5 ± 0.7	37.6 ± 0.5
	Propofol	36.7 ± 0.7	38.1 ± 0.3	37.7 ± 0.5	37.5 ± 0.2

All data are expressed as mean ± 1 SD.

^aAverage over the entire 5-h anesthetic exposure.

^bValue significantly (P < 0.05) different from that of ketamine group.

^cValue significantly (P < 0.05) different from that of propofol group.

^dValue significantly (P < 0.05) different from that of 2.5-h time point.

^eValue significantly (P < 0.05) different from that of 4.5-h time point.