Table 3.
Characteristics of venous blood samples collected before, during, and after the 5-h isoflurane (n= 5), ketamine (n= 4), propofol (n= 4), or no (control; n =5) anesthesia
| Time after induction of anesthesia |
At 3 h after recovery | |||||
| Group | 0 h | 0.5 h | 2.5 h | 4.5 h | ||
| pH | Isoflurane | 7.30 ± 0.04 | 7.36 ± 0.08 | 7.36 ± 0.03 | 7.37 ± 0.03 | 7.38 ± 0.05 |
| Ketamine | 7.29 ± 0.05 | 7.43 ± 0.04 | 7.33 ± 0.09 | 7.34 ± 0.04 | 7.27 ± 0.14 | |
| Propofol | 7.31 ± 0.04 | 7.41 ± 0.06 | 7.48 ± 0.07b | 7.41 ± 0.04 | 7.35 ± 0.04 | |
| Control | 7.29 ± 0.03 | — | — | — | 7.31 ± 0.04 | |
| pvCO2 (mm Hg) | Isoflurane | 43.5 ± 4.6 | 42.5 ± 12.0 | 37.2 ± 3.8a | 38.0 ± 7.7 | 37.9 ± 7.6 |
| Ketamine | 41.1 ± 3.9 | 28.4 ± 5.5 | 32.8 ± 4.6 | 36.1 ± 5.3 | 41.1 ± 6.5 | |
| Propofol | 36.6 ± 9.1 | 35.9 ± 7.1 | 26.9 ± 6.0 | 31.9 ± 4.2 | 37.4 ± 8.5 | |
| Control | 46.5 ± 7.2 | 39.4 ± 3.7 | ||||
| pvO2 (mm Hg) | Isoflurane | 24 ± 3 | 38 ± 6 | 48 ± 18 | 43 ± 19 | 29 ± 5a |
| Ketamine | 28 ± 2 | 37 ± 5 | 35 ± 9 | 33 ± 6 | 29 ± 2 | |
| Propofol | 31 ± 15 | 37 ± 11 | 65 ± 20 | 66 ± 26 | 18 ± 7c | |
| Control | 25 ± 6 | — | — | — | 33 ± 5 | |
| O2 saturation (%) | Isoflurane | 37 ± 8 | 69 ± 12 | 76 ± 17 | 82 ± 16 | 53 ± 11 |
| Ketamine | 46 ± 5 | 73 ± 6 | 62 ± 17 | 58 ± 13 | 47 ± 12 | |
| Propofol | 48 ± 26 | 80 ± 9 | 92 ± 9 | 90 ± 7b | 35 ± 10 | |
| Control | 39 ± 12 | — | — | — | 59 ± 7 | |
| HCO3 (mmol/L) | Isoflurane | 21.5 ± 0.6 | 23.2 ± 3.3 | 21.0 ± 2.9 | 22.0 ± 3.4 | 22.0 ± 2.9 |
| Ketamine | 18.9 ± 3.1 | 18.5 ± 2.2 | 17.6 ± 4.0 | 19.5 ± 2.2 | 19.3 ± 5.6 | |
| Propofol | 18.2 ± 3.8 | 21.9 ± 3.4 | 20.1 ± 2.2 | 20.0 ± 0.8 | 20.9 ± 4.2 | |
| Control | 23.1 ± 1.7 | — | — | — | 20.0 ± 1.1 | |
| Base excess (mmol/L) | Isoflurane | −5 ± 1 | −2 ± 3 | −4 ± 3 | −4 ± 3 | −3 ± 3 |
| Ketamine | −8 ± 4 | −6 ± 2 | −9 ± 5 | −5 ± 3 | −8 ± 7 | |
| Propofol | −8 ± 4 | −3 ± 3 | −4 ± 2 | −5 ± 1 | −5 ± 4 | |
| Control | −3 ± 1 | — | — | — | −6 ± 1 | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | Isoflurane | 79 ± 16 | 112 ± 31 | 102 ± 46 | 76.6 ± 29 | 58 ± 14 |
| Ketamine | 66 ± 9 | 114 ± 80 | 131 ± 26 | 90 ± 44 | 62 ± 8 | |
| Propofol | 74 ± 23 | 117 ± 65 | 111 ± 66 | 96 ± 27 | 66 ± 5 | |
| Control | 92 ± 47 | — | — | — | 74 ± 18 | |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | Isoflurane | 5.51 ± 2.74 | 3.00 ± 1.57 | 3.66 ± 0.99 | 3.71 ± 0.85a,b | 3.17 ± 1.37 |
| Ketamine | 6.09 ± 2.87 | 2.91 ± 1.18 | 3.23 ± 1.78 | 2.08 ± 0.49 | 2.48 ± 1.41 | |
| Propofol | 6.53 ± 2.02 | 2.81 ± 2.18 | 2.10 ± 0.48 | 1.73 ± 0.23 | 3.82 ± 1.11 | |
| Control | 3.87 ± 1.41 | — | — | — | 3.11 ± 1.65 | |
| Hematocrit (%) | Isoflurane | 43 ± 5 | 36 ± 9 | 28 ± 5 | 30 ± 5 | 31 ± 6c |
| Ketamine | 41 ± 4 | 31 ± 11 | 33 ± 6 | 32 ± 3 | 33 ± 5 | |
| Propofol | 42 ± 9 | 36 ± 5 | 32 ± 2 | 31 ± 3 | 31 ± 7c | |
| Control | 52 ± 4 | — | — | — | 44 ± 5 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | Isoflurane | 14.6 ± 1.8 | 12.2 ± 3.2 | 10.2 ± 0.7 | 10.1 ± 1.7 | 10.5 ± 1.9c |
| Ketamine | 13.9 ± 1.5 | 10.6 ± 3.6 | 11.1 ± 2.0 | 10.8 ± 1.1 | 11.2 ± 1.8 | |
| Propofol | 14.1 ± 3.1 | 12.3 ± 1.8 | 10.7 ± 0.6 | 10.4 ± 1.2 | 10.6 ± 2.4c | |
| Control | 17.6 ± 1.4 | — | — | — | 15.0 ± 1.5 | |
| BUN (mg/dL) | Isoflurane | 7 ± 3 | 8 ± 3 | 8 ± 4 | 7 ± 5 | 7 ± 3 |
| Ketamine | 9 ± 1 | 8 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 | |
| Propofol | 6 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 | 5 ± 2 | 5 ± 2 | |
| Control | 9 ± 7 | — | — | — | 10 ± 5 | |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | Isoflurane | 144 ± 2 | 141 ± 2 | 140 ± 2b | 142 ± 3 | 147 ± 3 |
| Ketamine | 143 ± 1 | 141 ± 3 | 146 ± 4 | 146 ± 1 | 149 ± 5 | |
| Propofol | 145 ± 2 | 141 ± 1 | 141 ± 1 | 142 ± 2 | 144 ± 3 | |
| Control | 143 ± 0 | — | — | — | 143 ± 1 | |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | Isoflurane | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 1.5 |
| Ketamine | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | |
| Propofol | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | |
| Control | 3.9 ± 0.5 | — | — | — | 3.1 ± 0.3 | |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | Isoflurane | 110 ± 2 | 106 ± 3 | 109 ± 4 | 108 ± 3b | 113 ± 3 |
| Ketamine | 113 ± 2 | 111 ± 2 | 111 ± 6 | 118 ± 5 | 111 ± 15 | |
| Propofol | 112 ± 5 | 108 ± 3 | 107 ± 3 | 105 ± 1b | 110 ± 3 | |
| Control | 108 ± 2 | — | — | — | 113 ± 3 | |
| Anion gap (mmol/L) | Isoflurane | 16 ± 3 | 16 ± 4 | 15 ± 3 | 17 ± 4 | 16 ± 5 |
| Ketamine | 14 ± 3 | 16 ± 3 | 20 ± 7 | 13 ± 1 | 10 ± 6 | |
| Propofol | 16 ± 5 | 14 ± 2 | 17 ± 2 | 17 ± 1 | 16 ± 4 | |
| Control | 15 ± 1 | — | — | — | 13 ± 2 | |
a
Value significantly (P < 0.05) different from that of propofol group.
b
Value significantly (P < 0.05) different from that of ketamine group.
c
Value significantly (P < 0.05) different from that of control group.