Table 1.
Group means (standard deviations) for IQ and cognitive performance in child and adult musicians and nonmusicians
| Preschoolers | School-aged children | Adults | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IQ (percentile) | |||
| NonMus | 67.3 (26.6) | 84.4 (19.3) | 63.0 (20.0) |
| Mus | 77.8 (15.3) | 89.7 (10.8) | 70.6 (18.9) |
| AWM (score) | |||
| NonMus | — | 116.6 (13.4)** | 114.1 (11.3)** |
| Mus | 128.4 (8.8) | 127.2 (13.1) | |
| VWM (digits) | |||
| NonMus | — | 4.2 (1.5) | 8.5 (1.8) |
| Mus | 4.5 (1.5) | 8.9 (2.0) | |
| Auditory attention (ms) | |||
| NonMus | — | 489.9 (157.7)* | 393.1 (82.3)* |
| Mus | 391.0 (84.0) | 324.2 (46.5) | |
| Visual attention (ms) | |||
| NonMus | — | 332.4 (147.9) | 316.7 (91.0) |
| Mus | 279.6 (110.4) | 283.8 (34.3) | |
Measures by which musicians and nonmusicians differ are indicated in bold (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).