Figure 3.

A comparison of the release of DOX encapsulated in liposomes in vitro via different ion gradients: 200 mM NH₄EDTA solution and 200 mM (NH₄)₂SO₄ solutions. Drug release profiles were analyzed in conventional PBS buffer (pH 7.4) and a special PBS buffer with ammonium chloride (80 mM), histidine (10 mM), penicillin (100 μg/mL), and streptomycin (100 μg/mL) (pH 7.4).

Note: **P<0.01 versus (NH₄)₂SO₄-L in PBS buffer with ammonium chloride.

Abbreviations: DOX, doxorubicin; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; L, doxorubicin-loaded liposomes; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.