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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 10.
Published in final edited form as: J Control Release. 2013 Oct 12;173:67–74. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.007

Figure 2.

Figure 2

SES enhances penetration of high molecular weight HA into porcine skin in vitro. (a) Percent penetration of topically applied dose into total skin (b) Percent penetration of topically applied dose into epidermis. SES formulation demonstrated significantly greater total skin (a) (9.3%±1.2%, p<0.01 versus ethosomal control) and epidermal penetration (b) of HA (3.3%±0.6%, p<0.01 versus ethosomal control). PBS: PBS (pH 4.0, 50 mM) control solution; PBS/EtOH: 45% v/v mixture of PBS (pH 4.0, 50 mM) and Ethanol; Ethosomal control: Ethosomes alone at pH 4.0 (without SPACE-peptide surface modification); SES formulation: The SPACE-Ethosomal system formulation with SPACE peptide conjugated phospholipids (5 mg/mL) at pH 4.0. Values represent mean ± SD (n=3) *Statistically different from PBS group (p < 0.05). ** Statistically very different from all other groups (p< 0.01).