. 2014 Jun 15;7(7):4067–4075.

Table 1.

Metabolite NMR assignments and the changes of their relative concentrations in serum between Sham group and MCAO groups

A.

Metabolites	Integrated spectral region		MACO₀	MACO_0.5	MACO₁	MACO₃	MACO₆	MACO₁₂	MACO₂₄

Ornithine	1.72, 1.82, 1.93, 3.04						↑		↑
L-Lactic acid	1.32, 4.10		↓						↓
Pyruvic acid	2.46		↓		↓				↑
Betaine	3.25, 3.89		↓				↓
Glutamic acid	2.12, 2.44, 3.76						↑	↑	↑
Glycine	3.54								↑
L-Serine	3.96, 3.83		↓
L-Alanine	1.46, 3.76							↓
Succinic acid	2.39								↑
Acetic acid	1.91		↓	↓		↓			↑
Malonic acid	3.11			↑		↑			↑
Citric acid	2.65, 2.53			↑
L-Threonine	1.34, 3.58, 4.25		↓			↓
L-Valine	0.98, 1.03, 2.26, 3.6			↓	↓	↓

B.

Metabolites	ppm	sham	MACO₀	MACO_0.5	MACO₁	MACO₃	MACO₆	MACO₁₂	MACO₂₄

L-Valine	1.03	0.0119±0.0029	0.0102±0.0037	0.0133±0.0038	0.0100±0.0023	0.0156±0.0026^**	0.0150±0.0036^*	0.0171±0.0042^**	0.0136±0.0031
L-Lactic acid	1.32	0.0468±0.0174	0.0416±0.0155	0.0455±0.0135	0.0641±0.0286	0.0471±0.0094	0.0387±0.0132	0.0425±0.0149	0.0370±0.0050
L-Alanine	1.46	0.0076±0.0020	0.0072±0.0022	0.0076±0.0019	0.0090±0.0027	0.0081±0.0022	0.0099±0.0012^**	0.0087±0.0015	0.0088±0.0026
Ornithine	1.72	0.0066±0.0014	0.0061±0.0016	0.0065±0.0015	0.0070±0.0021	0.0068±0.0012	0.0084±0.0010^**	0.0076±0.0009	0.0076±0.0016
Acetic acid	1.91	0.0028±0.0013	0.0020±0.0014	0.0018±0.0011	0.0021±0.0012	0.0024±0.0011	0.0044±0.0013^**	0.0031±0.0020	0.0038±0.0016
Glutamic acid	2.12	0.0149±0.0050	0.0163±0.0085	0.0197±0.0056^*	0.0115±0.0076	0.0214±0.0052^**	0.0187±0.0054	0.0207±0.0042^**	0.0180±0.0053
Succinic acid	2.39	0.0034±0.0010	0.0027±0.0015	0.0032±0.0014	0.0031±0.0012	0.0040±0.0012	0.0051±0.0013^**	0.0052±0.0010^**	0.0045±0.0015^*
Pyruvic acid	2.46	0.0042±0.0013	0.0030±0.0019	0.0037±0.0019	0.0029±0.0013^*	0.0047±0.0016	0.0057±0.0016^**	0.0061±0.0013^**	0.0056±0.0013^*
Citric acid	2.53	0.0009±0.0008	0.0014±0.0011	0.0017±0.0011^*	0.0012±0.0009	0.0011±0.0008	0.0016±0.0010	0.0009±0.0009	0.0013±0.0007
Malonic acid	3.11	0.0021±0.0017	0.0021±0.0016	0.0036±0.0022	0.0015±0.0013	0.0041±0.0024^*	0.0042±0.0027^**	0.0045±0.0019^**	0.0039±0.0023^*
Betaine	3.25	0.0176±0.0046	0.0138±0.0057	0.0164±0.0072	0.0108±0.0075^**	0.0172±0.0058	0.0155±0.0055	0.0122±0.0083^*	0.0184±0.0035
Glycine	3.54	0.0063±0.0038	0.0048±0.0025	0.0082±0.0041	0.0054±0.0051	0.0085±0.0031	0.0133±0.0090^*	0.0125±0.0066^**	0.0096±0.0042
L-Serine	3.83	0.0100±0.0027	0.0096±0.0032	0.0129±0.0035^*	0.0101±0.0039	0.0118±0.0022	0.0140±0.0051^*	0.0136±0.0041^*	0.0114±0.0024
L-Threonine	4.25	0.0041±0.0024	0.0033±0.0020	0.0051±0.0017	0.0050±0.0017	0.0034±0.0013	0.0039±0.0020	0.0046±0.0020	0.0036±0.0018

The symbols (↑ and ↓) indicate the increase and decrease of the metabolite levels. All metabolite levels represent mean ± SD. vs. Sham group t-test revealed the significant differences between each combination

p<0.05;

^**

p<0.01.