Table 1.
Demographic and substance use characteristics of participants.
| Healthy control (HC) (N = 48) | Amphetamine (A) (N = 38) | Heroin (H) (N = 43) | Sig.f | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agea | 24.7 (4.9) | 22.7 (3.7) | 29.7 (5.0) | p < 0.001 |
| Gender (%male) | 79.2 | 76.3 | 81.4 | p = 0.85 |
| IQb | 112.5 (11.3) | 106.7 (12.5) | 104.9 (11.9) | p = 0.007 |
| Education (years)c | 13.8 (2.2) | 12.5 (1.7) | 13.3 (2.5) | p < 0.001 |
| Years of amph./heroin use | – | 3.2 (2.3) | 7.2 (3.5) | p < 0.001 |
| Years of any drug use | – | 6.5 (2.7) | 10.8 (3.6) | p < 0.001 |
| # of amph./heroin DSM-IV dependence criteria met | – | 4.9 (1.3) | 6.1 (1.0) | p < 0.001 |
| Time (years) since last met dependence criteria | – | 2.8 (1.6) | 2.9 (2.2) | p = 0.89 |
| Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependenced | 0.7 (1.6) | 3.3 (2.8) | 4.7 (2.7) | p < 0.001 |
| Min–Max days since last drug use | – | 90–2190 | 152–3285 | – |
| Past cannabis dependence (%)e | 0 | 12 (32%) | 6 (14%) | p < 0.001 |
a
H > HC > A (Bayesian and NHST t-tests yielded the same conclusions).
b
HC > A, H (Bayesian and NHST t-tests yielded same conclusions).
c
HC > A (Bayesian and NHST t-tests yielded same conclusions).
d
H > A > HC (Bayesian and NHST t-tests yielded same conclusions).
e
A > H > HC (Bayesian and NHST χ-square tests yielded same conclusions).
f
Sig. results are based on omnibus NHST ANOVA tests.