Conditions are non-Ovx, intact mice (white bar); Ovx, ovariectomized mice (gray bar); Ovx + Lr, Ovx mice gavaged with L. reuteri for 2 weeks (black bar). (A) Levels of TRAP5 and RANKL RNA in whole tibia bone. Levels were expressed relative to HPRT, a non-modulated house-keeping gene. (B) Harvested mouse bone marrow cells from the mice above were cultured in vitro with RANKL and M-CSF and the number of osteoclasts counted per well. (C) Osteocalcin mRNA levels were measured in whole tibia bone and expressed relative to HPRT. Data values are average ± standard error, n ≥ 8 per group, * p<0.05 to Non-Ovx, ˆ p<0.05 to Ovx by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD.