Figure 6.

Stepping of loosely coupled dynein dimers. (A) Two common kinetic pathways. The upper branch shows an advancing step. In the lower branch, ADP release from the lead head leads to a futile step. (B) Sample traces of the tail (black), left head (red), and right head (green) under different load forces. (C) Binding site distance and step-size distributions for different loads. (Red bars) Steps taken by the left head; (green bars) steps taken by the right. (D) Force velocity diagram for two ATP concentrations: 1 mM and 1 μM. To see this figure in color, go online.