Table 2. Descriptive Statistics and Significant Tests for the Self-Reported and Psychophysiological Outcome Measures.
| Measure (units) |
Group | Block 1 | Block 2 | Combined (Block 1 and 2) | Total | Statistical Test (Δdev, df, r2/φc)z |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| + M (SD) |
0 M (SD) |
− M (SD) |
+ M (SD) |
0 M (SD) |
− M (SD) |
+ M (SD) |
0 M (SD) |
− M (SD) |
M (SD) |
|||
| SAM Valence (1-9) |
NC | 5.91 (2.40) |
4.89 (1.89) |
2.76 (176) |
5.77 (2.47) |
5.01 (1.91) |
2.74 (157) |
5.84 (2.39) |
4.95 (185) |
2.75 (161) |
4.51 (171) |
Grp (2.4,2,.03) Val* (2445.9, 9, .46) Blk* (83.9,5,.04) |
| BPD | 5.61 (3.78) |
4.68 (2.66) |
2.49 (169) |
5.18 (3.49) |
4.32 (2.58) |
2.70 (2.63) |
5.40 (3.56) |
4.50 (2.49) |
2.60 (1.88) |
4.16 (2.43) |
GxV (1.9,4,.03) GxB (1.27,2,.02) |
|
| OCPD | 6.02 (1.55) |
5.11 (1.79) |
3.04 (2.11) |
5.63 (2.50) |
4.80 (2.28) |
3.04 (2.13) |
5.82 (1.81) |
4.96 (1.74) |
3.04 (1.89) |
4.61 (1.54) |
BxV* (50.5,13,.03) GxVxB (3.79,4,.05) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
| Tot. | 5.85 (1.59) |
4.89 (1.25) |
2.76 (1.09) |
5.54 (1.66) |
4.73 (1.33) |
2.82 (1.22) |
5.69 (1.56) |
4.81 (1.20) |
2.79 (1.05) |
|||
|
| ||||||||||||
| SAM Arousal (1-9) |
NC | 3.95 (2.68) |
2.80 (2.43) |
4.94 (2.86) |
3.85 (2.73) |
2.61 (2.47) |
4.77 (2.63) |
3.90 (2.65) |
2.70 (2.39) |
4.85 (2.66) |
3.82 (2.34) |
Grp (2.9,2,.04) Val* (1395.5, 9, .32) Blk* (210.4,5,.07) |
| BPD | 4.08 (3.47) |
2.88 (2.80) |
4.83 (3.15) |
4.08 (3.47) |
2.80 (3.03) |
4.61 (3.38) |
4.08 (3.32) |
2.84 (2.83) |
4.72 (3.18) |
3.88 (2.76) |
GxV (1.2,4,.02) GxB* (14.7,2,.20) |
|
| OCPD | 4.86 (2.51) |
3.70 (2.70) |
5.75 (2.76) |
3.94 (2.91) |
2.79 (2.38) |
4.83 (3.53) |
4.40 (2.53) |
3.25 (2.23) |
5.29 (2.90) |
4.31 (2.26) |
BxV (9.7,13,.01) GxVxB (.7,4,.01) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
| Tot. | 4.27 (1.73) |
3.10 (1.57) |
5.15 (1.74) |
3.95 (1.75) |
2.72 (1.53) |
4.74 (1.82) |
4.11 (1.66) |
2.91 (1.46) |
4.94 (1.69) |
|||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Startle Magnitude (μV) |
NC | 8.90 (9.03) |
9.14 (8.66) |
9.47 (9.12) |
9.46 (8.57) |
9.28 (8.36) |
10.03 (9.97) |
9.25 (7.94) |
9.32 (7.73) |
9.93 (8.69) |
9.50 (8.04) |
Grp (.98,2,.01) Val* (77.2, 11, .05) Blk* (18.09,6,.02) |
| BPD | 9.96 (9.45) |
10.20 (10.25) |
10.66 (10.61) |
10.07 (9.59) |
10.60 (10.63) |
10.50 (10.59) |
9.83 (8.74) |
10.24 (9.52) |
10.43 (9.65) |
10.22 (9.35) |
GxV (3.4,4,.05) GxB (3.1,2,.04) |
|
| OCPD | 11.53 (11.85) |
11.92 (12.13) |
12.60 (12.74) |
11.27 (11.31) |
11.53 (11.45) |
12.22 (12.08) |
11.00 (10.89) |
11.29 (11.18) |
11.88 (11.57) |
11.43 (11.23) |
BxV (9.8,15,.04) GxVxB (2.9,4,.04) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
| Tot. | 10.05 (7.90) |
10.33 (8.11) |
10.81 (8.36) |
10.21 (8.19) |
10.39 (8.43) |
10.85 (9.13) |
9.97 (7.73) |
10.21 (7.86) |
10.68 (8.34) |
|||
|
| ||||||||||||
| SC (Δlog μS + 1) |
NC | 0.020 (.040) |
0.006 (.020) |
0.020 (.040) |
0.010 (.040) |
0.009 (.030) |
0.010 (.040) |
0.010 (.040) |
0.008 (.020) |
0.020 (.040) |
0.010 (.030) |
Grp (1.7,2,.02) Val* (59.1, 9, .03) Blk* (11.2,5,.01) |
| BPD | 0.004 (.007) |
0.004 (.010) |
0.010 (.020) |
0.007 (.020) |
0.008 (.020) |
0.010 (.050) |
0.005 (.010) |
0.006 (.010) |
0.010 (.030) |
0.007 (.020) |
GxV (4.2,4,.06) GxB (2.37,2,.03) |
|
| OCPD | 0.010 (.020) |
0.007 (.020) |
0.010 (.030) |
0.010 (.030) |
0.009 (.030) |
0.010 (.030) |
0.010 (.020) |
0.008 (.020) |
0.010 (.020) |
0.010 |
BxV* (26.49,13,.01) GxVxB (1.5,4,.02) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
| Tot. | 0.010 (.020) |
0.006 (.009) |
0.010 (.020) |
0.010 (.020) |
0.009 (.020) |
0.010 (.020) |
0.010 (.020) |
0.007 (.010) |
0.010 (.020) |
|||
|
| ||||||||||||
| HR-dec (ΔBPM) |
NC | −4.65 (4.67) |
−3.48 (5.96) |
−4.04 (4.44) |
−4.05 (4.54) |
−3.97 (5.86) |
−5.43 (7.45) |
−4.35 (3.49) |
−3.73 (5.23) |
−4.73 (5.60) |
−4.27 (4.60) |
Grp (3.3,2,.06) Val (10.0 , 9, .00) Blk (9.9,5,.01) |
| BPD | −3.22 (5.49) |
−3.15 (4.34) |
−3.25 (4.66) |
−3.80 (4.82) |
−4.08 (6.26) |
−3.84 (5.25) |
−3.51 (4.60) |
−3.61 (4.42) |
−3.55 (4.24) |
−3.56 (3.90) |
GxV (6.0,4,.10) GxB (.5,2,.01) |
|
| OCPD | −3.16 (6.96) |
−1.61 (3.80) |
−2.87 (4.84) |
−3.75 (5.66) |
−2.43 (4.71) |
−4.23 (4.85) |
−3.46 (4.41) |
−2.02 (3.28) |
−3.54 (4.03) |
−3.01 (2.82) |
BxV (14.1,13,.01) GxVxB (1.5,4,.03) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
| Tot. | −3.70 (3.37) |
−2.78 (2.93) |
−3.40 (2.73) |
−3.87 (2.88) |
−3.52 (3.37) |
−4.52 (3.56) |
−3.79 (2.44) |
−3.15 (2.68) |
−3.96 (2.79) |
|||
|
| ||||||||||||
| HR-acc (ΔBPM) |
NC | 2.62 (7.54) |
4.63 (6.84) |
0.79 (5.35) |
2.33 (7.56) |
3.21 (4.37) |
1.84 (5.95) |
2.47 (6.62) |
3.92 (4.73) |
1.31 (4.63) |
2.57 (4.48) |
Grp (1.9,2,.03) Val (11.34, 9, .01) Blk (5.4, 5, .00) |
| BPD | 4.99 (7.49) |
3.14 (8.09) |
5.12 (8.96) |
3.82 (10.67) |
3.36 (8.12) |
3.04 (8.27) |
4.40 (8.43) |
3.25 (7.03) |
4.08 (6.48) |
3.91 (6.31) |
GxV* (9.47,4,.02) GxB (1.5,2,.03) |
|
| OCPD | 3.11 (6.86) |
4.70 (9.01) |
2.88 (7.55) |
1.82 (10.33) |
3.22 (9.33) |
1.47 (6.74) |
2.46 (7.18) |
3.96 (7.92) |
2.18 (6.31) |
2.86 (6.35) |
BxV (9.7,13,.01) GxVxB (4.0,4,.07) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
| Tot. | 3.56 (4.36) |
4.16 (4.65) |
2.88 (4.61) |
2.67 (5.57) |
3.26 (4.28) |
2.12 (4.12) |
3.11 (4.39) |
3.71 (3.82) |
2.50 (3.55) |
|||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Corrugator EMG (ΔμV) |
NC | 0.01 (.04) |
0.02 (.07) |
0.07 (.17) |
0.02 (.06) |
0.02 (.06) |
0.08 (.25) |
0.02 (.04) |
0.02 (.06) |
0.07 (.20) |
0.04 (.09) |
Grp (.3,2,.004) Val* (381.8, 9, .10) Blk* (97.0,5,.04) |
| BPD | 0.01 (.09) |
0.04 (.11) |
0.06 (.17) |
0.01 (.11) |
0.03 (.10) |
0.04 (.17) |
0.01 (.09) |
0.03 (.10) |
0.05 (.12) |
0.03 (.08) |
GxV (3.5,4,.05) GxB (1.3,2,.02) |
|
| OCPD | 0.02 (.12) |
0.04 (.14) |
0.06 (.17) |
0.02 (.09) |
0.02 (.09) |
0.06 (.13) |
0.02 (.09) |
0.03 (.09) |
0.06 (.11) |
0.04 (.09) |
BxV* (77.9,13,.03) GxVxB (1.9,4,.03) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
| Tot. | 0.01 (.05) |
0.03 (.06) |
0.06 (.10) |
0.02 (.05) |
0.02 (.05) |
0.06 (.12) |
0.02 (.04) |
0.03 (.05) |
0.06 (.09) |
|||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Zygomatic EMG (ΔμV) |
NC | 0.01 (.04) |
0.00 (.02) |
0.01 (.03) |
0.02 (.08) |
0.01 (.03) |
0.00 (.04) |
0.02 (.05) |
0.01 (.02) |
0.01 (.03) |
0.01 (.04) |
Grp (4.5,2,.06) Val* (27.2, 9, .02) Blk (5.1,5,.002) |
| BPD | 0.03 (.08) |
0.01 (.10) |
0.02 (.08) |
0.02 (.11) |
0.02 (.07) |
0.02 (.10) |
0.03 (.08) |
0.01 (.07) |
0.02 (.08) |
0.02 (.05) |
GxV (2.2,4,.03) GxB (.2,2,.003) |
|
| OCPD | 0.00 (.08) |
0.01 (.08) |
0.00 (.06) |
0.01 (.05) |
−0.01 (.10) |
0.00 (.05) |
0.01 (.05) |
0.00 (.08) |
0.00 (.06) |
0.00 (.05) |
BxV (19.0,13,.01) GxVxB (6.23,4,.09) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
| Tot. | 0.02 (.04) |
0.01 (.04) |
0.01 (.03) |
0.02 (.05) |
0.01 (.04) |
0.01 (.04) |
0.02 (.04) |
0.01 (.03) |
0.01 (.03) |
|||
Note. NC = normal control group; BPD = borderline personality disorder group; EMG= electromyography; OCPD = obsessive-compulsive personality disorder group;
SAM = self-assessment manikin; SC = Skin Conductance; Tot. = Total; Δlog μS + 1 = log transformation of change in skin conductance in microSiemens; HR-acc = heart rate acceleration; HR-dec = heart rate deceleration; ΔBPM = change in beats per minute;
EMG; ΔμV = change in MicroVolts, Grp = Group; Val = Valence; Blk = Block, GxV = Group x Valence interaction;
GxB = Group x Block interaction; BxV = Block x Valence interaction, GxVxB = Group x Valence x Block interaction
z
The test of the overall effects involving group was based on a chi-square distribution; therefore, Cramer’s Phi (Φ), which can be interpreted as variance accounted for, is reported as an effect size indicator. For the within-participants effect (i.e., valence, block, and valence x block), r2 or the amount of Level-1 (i.e., within-participants) accounted for is reported as an effect size indicator.