(A). Ad-GFP-LC3-infected hepatocytes were treated with ethanol (80 mM) with or without 4-MP, MnTBAP or NAC for 6 hours. GFP-LC3 dots (mean+SEM) were quantified from each experiment (n=3). (B–D). Ad-GFP-LC3 infected HepG2 (B, D) and VL-17A (B, C, D) cells were treated with ethanol (40 mM unless indicated) and other agents for 24 hours. GFP-LC3 dots per cell (mean+SEM) were quantified from each experiment (B, C, n=3) and immunoblot analysis conducted (D). (E–F). Primary hepatocytes were treated as indicated for 6 hours and total lysate were subjected to immunoblot analysis. Scale bar: 10 µm (A–B). *: p<0.05.