Table 1.
Pre–Post Changes in Hair Cortisol Reported for Full Sample and Subsamples
| Group | Participants (n) | Baseline cortisol level (pg/mg) | Postquit cortisol level (pg/mg) | t-statistic | p-Value | d-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample | 18 | 220.07±87.75 | 190.56±80.88 | 3.23 | .005* | −0.35 |
| Quit | 13 | 207.26±92.10 | 172.30±77.14 | 3.51 | .004* | −0.41 |
| Relapsed | 5 | 253.38±73.20 | 238.02±77.82 | 0.74 | .502 | −0.20 |
| MTS | 10 | 197.68±89.83 | 158.60±73.38 | 2.89 | .018** | −0.48 |
| FFS-E | 8 | 248.06±81.93 | 230.51±75.38 | 1.56 | .162 | −0.22 |
Cortisol values are expressed as mean±standard deviation.
*p<.01; **p<.05.
d, Cohen d (1988) computed by using post–pre mean difference divided by pooled standard deviation; MTS, mindfulness training for smokers; FFS-E, Freedom from Smoking Enhanced.