Skip to main content
. 2014 Aug 9;14:65. doi: 10.1186/1472-6823-14-65

Table 1.

Characteristics of the subjects by sex and BMI categories

 
 Men
 Women
 p gender and BMI interaction
  Lean Overweight Obese p Kruskal Wallis p linearity Lean Overweight Obese p Kruskal Wallis p linearity
N
 23
 18
 10
  
  
 14
 9
 13
  
  
  
Age (years)
 33.1 ± 11.4
 36.9 ± 9.3
 38.3 ± 9.7
 0.23
 0.15
 31.3 ± 12.9
 35.3 ± 16.0
 34.2 ± 10.7
 0.70
 0.56
 0.91
BMI ( kg/m2)
 22.1 ± 1.4
 27.7 ± 1.7
 35.3 ± 7.4
 <0.001
 <0.001
 23.0 ± 1.4
 27.7 ± 1.5
 36.3 ± 5.9
 <0.001
 <0.001
 0.86
Percent fat (%)
 14.2 ± 3.6
 23.2 ± 6.3
 33.6 ± 9.6
 <0.001
 <0.001
 26.6 ± 6.0
 32.5 ± 8.0
 40.8 ± 5.3
 <0.001
 <0.001
 0.28
Waist circumference (cm)
 76.0 ± 4.5
 92.8 ± 8.4
 109.0 ± 12.8
 <0.001
 <0.001
 78.0 ± 6.7
 85.4 ± 7.7
 102.6 ± 11.4
 <0.001
 <0.001
 0.09
Hip circumference (cm)
 87.1 ± 5.9
 97.2 ± 6.1
 117.1 ± 15.1
 <0.001
 <0.001
 92.0 ± 9.1
 106.9 ± 9.7
 119.8 ± 13.3
 <0.001
 <0.001
 0.59
Waist-to-hip ratio
 0.89 ± 0.03
 0.93 ± 0.04
 0.92 ± 0.05
 0.12
 0.10
 0.85 ± 0.06
 0.80 ± 0.04
 0.88 ± 0.08
 0.04
 0.40
 0.04
Waist-to-height ratio
 0.44 ± 0.03
 0.53 ± 0.05
 0.63 ± 0.09
 <0.001
 <0.001
 0.48 ± 0.05
 0.52 ± 0.04
 0.63 ± 0.07
 <0.001
 <0.001
 0.10
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
 122 ± 20
 131 ± 21
 129 ± 10
 0.04
 0.22
 123 ± 22
 117 ± 17
 125 ± 6
 0.29
 0.91
 0.34
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
 72 ± 9
 76 ± 11
 84 ± 6
 0.006
 0.002
 75 ± 9
 71 ± 6
 77 ± 5
 0.09
 0.47
 0.11
Total cholesterol (mg/L)
 160 ± 43
 210 ± 63
 275 ± 45
 0.002
 <0.001
 154 ± 61
 182 ± 77
 235 ± 55
 0.02
 0.009
 0.67
Triglycerides (mg/L)
 50 ± 17
 57 ± 20
 71 ± 47
 0.42
 0.17
 54 ± 14
 47 ± 15
 71 ± 43
 0.22
 0.19
 0.80
HDL cholesterol (mg/L)
 48 ± 18
 63 ± 21
 70 ± 32
 0.37
 0.07
 47 ± 20
 39 ± 11
 58 ± 23
 0.10
 0.22
 0.37
LDL cholesterol (mg/L)
 102 ± 40
 136 ± 54
 191 ± 80
 0.02
 0.006
 96 ± 48
 133 ± 81
 163 ± 64
 0.07
 0.03
 0.82
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
 4.56 ± 0.58
 4.42 ± 0.55
 4.93 ± 0.56
 0.14
 0.21
 4.46 ± 0.50
 4.85 ± 0.70
 4.56 ± 043
 0.20
 0.61
 0.04
2 h glucose (mmol/L)
 5.46 ± 1.24
 5.26 ± 1.00
 8.17 ± 3.40
 0.002
 0.003
 6.36 ± 1.21
 6.67 ± 1.68
 7.02 ± 1.14
 0.48
 0.25
 0.05
Fasting insulin (mU/L)
 4.66 ± 2.56
 5.71 ± 4.39
 8.95 ± 3.60
 0.01
 0.007
 6.72 ± 2.69
 9.56 ± 5.94
 7.38 ± 3.26
 0.44
 0.59
 0.06
Euglycaemic clamp
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
M unadjusted (mg.min−1.kg−1)
 10.0 ± 2.7
 7.5 ± 2.4
 5.2 ± 1.8
 <0.001
 <0.001
 8.4 ± 2.2
 7.6 ± 2.8
 6.1 ± 1.7
 0.02
 0.01
 0.13
M adjusted to lean mass (mg.min−1.kg−1)
 11.6 ± 2.9
 9.8 ± 3.3
 7.8 ± 2.9
 0.004
 0.001
 11.5 ± 2.7
 11.1 ± 3.4
 10.4 ± 3.1
 0.70
 0.35
 0.27
Fasting indices
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Plasma insulin (mUI/mL)
 4.7 ± 2.6
 5.7 ± 4.4
 8.9 ± 3.6
 0.01
 0.007
 6.7 ± 2.7
 9.6 ± 5.9
 7.4 ± 3.3
 0.44
 0.59
 0.06
Glucose/Insulin ratio (mmol/mUI)
 25.5 ± 18.7
 21.6 ± 13.3
 11.6 ± 4.9
 0.03
 0.07
 15.7 ± 12.0
 13.6 ± 12.1
 14.0 ± 6.8
 0.50
 0.69
 0.30
HOMA-IR
 0.95 ± 0.57
 1.11 ± 0.89
 2.00 ± 0.93
 0.009
 0.004
 1.33 ± 0.56
 2.08 ± 1.32
 1.53 ± 0.65
 0.34
 0.47
 0.02
FIRI
 0.85 ± 0.51
 1.01 ± 0.80
 1.80 ± 0.84
 0.009
 0.004
 1.20 ± 0.50
 1.88 ± 1.19
 1.37 ± 0.58
 0.34
 0.47
 0.02
QUICKI 0.30 ± 0.15 0.19 ± 0.10 0.11 ± 0.03 0.01 0.10 0.15 ± 0.08 0.13 ± 0.08 0.13 ± 0.03 0.37 0.46 0.32

BMI: body mass index; HDL: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment for insulin resistance; FIRI: fasting insulin resistance index; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index.