TABLE 1.
Ages and Mean Scores (Standard Deviations) on Standardized Tests of Language and Cognition for the Five Participant Groups
| Group | ALI, n = 26 | ALI TD, n = 24 | ALN, n = 22 | ALN TD, n = 22 | WS, n = 25 | Group Differences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age in months | 142.43 (44.14) | 75.23 (24.91) | 134.33 (40.01) | 121.95 (35.77) | 139.32 (42.50) | TD ALI < TD ALN**, ALN***, ALL***, WS*** |
| Range | 77–218 | 44–128 | 73–222 | 54–201 | 72–200 | |
| KBIT Matrices RS | 16.79 (8.39) | 17.90 (7.23) | 30.09 (5.76) | 29.77 (5.83) | 19.76 (5.88) | ALI, TD ALI, WS < ALN***, TD ALN*** |
| KBIT Matrices SS | 66.92 (22.23) | 101.50(9.41) | 108.18 (15.45) | 113.63(13.08) | 74.24 (16.55) | ALI, WS < TD ALI***, ALN***, TD ALN*** |
| KBIT Vocabulary SS | 62.28 (20.47) | 111.42(17.81) | ALI < ALN*** | |||
| PPVT-III SS | 58.5 (18.99) | 108.0 (14.68) | 111.86(18.07) | 108.00(15.21) | 82.08 (12.69) | ALI < WS*** < TD ALI***, ALN***, TD ALN*** |
| TROG-2 SS | 57.19 (4.73) | 103.1 (17.31) | 94.50 (12.25) | 101.50(8.01) | 74.29 (17.15) | ALI < WS*** < TD ALI***, ALN***, TD ALN*** |
Note. Measures on which relevant groups are matched: age in months for ALI, ALN and WS; KBIT Matrices raw score for ALI and ALI TD, and ALN and ALN TD, and KBIT Matrices raw and standard scores for ALI and WS. ALI = Autism Language Impaired; ALN = Autism Language Normal; TD = typically developing controls; WS = Williams syndrome; RS = raw score; SS = standard score.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.