Table 1.

Organisms Identified to at Least Genus Level Detected in 53 Lung and Pleural Aspirate Specimens Examined by Both Culture and Molecular Assays Obtained From 52 Children With Severe Pneumonia

Organism	No.	(%)
Commonly recognized community-acquired pneumonia pathogensa,b
Streptococcus pneumoniae	48	91
Haemophilus influenzae	12	23
Staphylococcus aureus	3	6
Klebsiella species	2	4
Streptococcus species (non-pneumoniae)	2	4
Bocavirus	2	4
Respiratory syncytial virus	2	4
Adenovirus	2	4
Enterovirus B	1	2
Coronavirus HKU1	1	2
Influenza C	1	2
Cytomegalovirus	1	2
Uncommonly reported community-acquired pneumonia pathogens
Acinetobacter speciesc	3	6
Enterobacter speciesc	2	4
Salmonella speciesd	2	4
Streptococcus pseudopneumoniaee	1	2
Bacteroides speciesf	1	2
Prevotella speciesf	1	2
Codetection
1 organism only	24	45
2 or more organisms	28	53
No organism	1	2
Bacterial organism(s) only	41	77
Viral organism(s) only	1	2
Bacterial–bacterial codetection	21	40
Bacterial–viral codetection	10	19
S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae	11	21
S. pneumoniae and S. aureus	1	2
S. aureus and H. influenzae	1	2

^a McIntosh K. Community-acquired pneumonia in children. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:429–37.

^b Ruuskanen O, Lahti E, Jennings LC, Murdoch DR. Viral pneumonia. Lancet 2011; 377:1264–75.

^c Jones RN. Microbial etiologies of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 51(suppl 1):S81–7.

^d Genzen JR, Towle DM, Kravetz JD, Campbell SM. Salmonella typhimurium pulmonary infection in an immunocompetent patient. Conn Med 2008; 72:139–42.

Mankhambo LA, Chiwaya KW, Phiri A, Graham SM. Lobar pneumonia caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella in a Malawian child. Pediatr Infect Dis 2006; 25:1190–92.

^e Keith ER, Podmore RG, Anderson TP, Murdoch DR. Characteristics of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae isolated from purulent sputum samples. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:923–7.

^f Bartlett JG. Anaerobic bacterial infections of the lung and pleural space. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 16(suppl 4):S248–55.