Table 1.

Comparison of the Brazilian and United Stated guidelines for human immunodeficiency virus treatment in relation to drug-resistance testing at the time of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, initiating ART in treatment-naïve patients, and initial combination regimens for antiretroviral-naïve patients

	Drug-resistance testing at the time of ART initiation	Initiating ART in treatment-naïve patients	Initial combination regimens for antiretroviral-naïve patients
Brazil4	People infected by partner in use of ART (recent or in the past); pregnant women with HIV infection	All patients with HIV infection with symptomatic HIV; active tuberculosis; CD4+ count ≤500 cells/mm3; coinfection with hepatitis B virus; pregnant women; established cardiovascular disease; AIDS-defining malignancies with no indication of chemotherapy or radiotherapy.	AZT/3TC + EFV or TDF/3TC + EFV, regarding each patient’s characteristics and presence of renal dysfunction or anemia not related to HIV infection.
United States13	People with HIV infection at entry into care regardless of whether ART was initiated immediately or deferred/pregnant women with HIV infection	All patients with HIV infection, to reduce the risk of disease progression.	1) Based on the NNRTI: EFV/TDF/FTC 2) Based on PI/r: ATV/r + TDF/FTC or DRV/r + TDF/FTC 3) Based on integrase inhibitor: RAL + TDF/FTC.

Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ATV/r + TDF/FTC, atazanavir/ritonavir + tenofovir/emtricitabine; AZT/3TC, zidovudine/efavirenz; DRV/r + TDF/FTC, darunavir/ritonavir + tenofovir/emtricitabine; EFV, efavirenz; EFV/TDF/FTC, efavirenz/tenofovir/emtricitabine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI/r, protease inhibitors/ritonavir; RAL + TDF/FTC, raltegravir + tenofovir/emtricitabine; TDF/3TC, tenofovir/lamivudine.