Table 3. Association of respondents’ managerial function and dichotomized ratings of harm, discomfort, decision difficulty and likelihood of speaking up across vignettes, by clinical frame.

	Odds ratios* of staff with vs without managerial function
	Harm		Discomfort		Decision difficulty		Likelihood of speaking up
Clinical Frame	Odds Ratio	p	Odds Ratio	p	Odds Ratio	p	Odds Ratio	p
A: Error in checking a prescription	1.23	0.300	0.59	0.002	0.39	0.001	1.55	0.106
B: Missed hand disinfection	0.95	0.817	0.53	<0.001	0.41	<0.001	2.54	<0.001
C: Rule violation medication preparation	0.90	0.615	0.62	0.030	0.63	0.105	1.32	0.298
D: Rule violation lumbar puncture	0.92	0.629	0.43	<0.001	0.69	0.063	1.38	0.106
Total	0.99	0.959	0.55	<0.001	0.52	<0.001	1.71	<0.001

N = 1013 participants; n = 4052 vignette evaluations;

*Measures (harm, discomfort, decision difficulty, reported likelihood of speaking up) are dichotomized with cutoff >4.