. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 12.

Published in final edited form as: Gerontechnology. 2009 AUTUMN;8(4):220–235. doi: 10.4017/gt.2009.08.04.004.00

Table 1. Functional far transfer findings for strategy, extended practice and combined approaches training studies with older adults, adapted after Zelinski22; =Strategy training; =Extended practice training; =Combined strategy and extended practice training.

Study characteristics	Tested shortly after training		Tested at a delay after training

	Modality near	Modality far	Modality near	Modality far

Study	**Basak et al.⁴⁷	**Edwards et al.⁵⁸	**Kramer et al.¹⁴	***Ball et al.⁶
Delay	Immediate	Immediate	2 months	2 years
Tasks	Video game to 4 executive/supervisory abilities	Speed of Processing to Timed IADL Test	Cancelling and tracking dual task to monitoring and alphabet arithmetic dual tasks	Speed of Processing to Timed IADL Test
Sensory modality	Visual to visual	Visual to visual	Visual to visual	Visual to multiple
Testing modality	Response selection to response selection	Response selection to multiple, including manual manipulation	Response selection to response selection	Response selection to multiple, including manual manipulation

Study	**Buschkeuhl et al.³¹	**Roenker et al.⁵⁹	**Li et al. ³⁰	**Roenker et al.⁵⁹
Delay	Immediate	Immediate	3 months	18 months
Tasks	Colored square span to block span and free recall of visual material	Speed of processing to road sign test	Spatial 2-back to numerical 2-back and to spatial 3-back and simple RT	Speed of Processing to Road Sign Test, on-road driving test
Sensory modality	Visual to visual	Visual to visual	Visual to visual	Visual to visual
Testing modality	Recall to recall	Response selection to multiple, including turning and braking	Recognition to recognition	Response selection to multiple, including turning and braking

Study	**Jennings et al. ²⁶	**Smith et al. ¹²		**Roenker et al.⁵⁹
Delay	Immediate	Immediate		18 months
Tasks	Lagged recognition to N-back, pointing, source recognition	Speeded discrimination and working memory span to neuropsychological memory and working memory tests		Speed of processing to road sign test, on-road driving test
Sensory modality	Visual to visual	Auditory to auditory		Visual to visual
Testing modality	Recognition to recognition	Recognition to recall		Response selection to multiple, including turning and braking

Study	**Kramer et al.¹⁶			*Willis et al.²⁵
Delay	Immediate			5 years
Tasks	Monitoring and alphabet arithmetic dual tasks to paired associates and scheduling dual tasks			Reasoning to IADLs
Sensory modality	Visual to visual			Visual to multiple
Testing modality	Response selection to response selection			Response selection to endorsement of impairments

Study	**Li et al.³⁰			***Wolinsky et al.⁶⁰
Delay	Immediate			2 years
Tasks	Spatial 2-back to numerical 2-back and to spatial 3-back and simple RT			Speed of processing to SF 36 ratings
Sensory modality	Visual to visual			Visual to multiple
Testing modality	Recognition to recognition			Response selection to rating

Table 1. Functional far transfer findings for strategy, extended practice and combined approaches training studies with older adults, adapted after Zelinski22; *=Strategy training; **=Extended practice training; ***=Combined strategy and extended practice training.

Table 1. Functional far transfer findings for strategy, extended practice and combined approaches training studies with older adults, adapted after Zelinski22; =Strategy training; =Extended practice training; =Combined strategy and extended practice training.