Table S1.
| Biomarkers (pg/mL) | Non-smokers controls, n=5 | Smokers controls, n=4 | Ex-smokers with COPD, n=11 | Smokers with COPD, n=10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIG | 907 | 2,324 | 5,201 | 3,004 |
| (697–1,451) | (1,874–3,174) | (1,401–7,699) | (1,738–5,413) | |
| IL-4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 2.9 |
| (3.4–4.4) | (3.1–4.0) | (3.5–6.2) | (1.3–4.1) | |
| IL-13 | 10.1 | 16.3 | 16.6 | 10.9 |
| (7.0–16.7) | (13.8–21.8) | (12.6–19.1) | (8.2–15.0) | |
| SCGFβ | 17,831 | 12,218 | 26,283 | 18,200 |
| (10,713–1,155) | (8,122–21,971) | (19,760–45,006) | (12,617–3,655) | |
| IL-2 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 11.2 |
| (6.3–9.8) | (4.8–8.5) | (6.9–15.1) | (8.4–14.5) | |
| GM-CSF | 24.1 | 9.9 | 49.8 | 52.1 |
| (14.9–28.9) | (4.3–14.6) | (8.5–80.2) | (16.9–92.5) | |
| RANTES | 4,226 | 4,301 | 2,951 | 4,495 |
| (2,844–10,521) | (3,181–5,145) | (2,384.0–4,241.0) | (3,806–8,808) | |
| CXCL1 or GRO-α | 47.0 | 48.7 | 92.3 | 116.2 |
| (20.2–111.2) | (46.4–50.2) | (58.5–114.5) | (66.1–149.9) | |
| IL-12 | 31.2 | 63.6 | 74.1 | 37.9 |
| (19.0–60.7) | (53.1–75.3) | (30.5–92.4) | (26.5–51.2) | |
| VEGF | 47.5 | 80.4 | 148.6 | 89.7 |
| (36.8–101.8) | (18.2–192.0) | (92.9–194.4) | (41.4–126.6) | |
| MIP-1α | 137.2 | 122.0 | 103.8 | 84.4 |
| (92.7–159.3) | (36.4–264.0) | (74.0–197.1) | (63.5–98.1) | |
| IL-9 | 30.2 | 36.7 | 42.3 | 70.6 |
| (20.1–63.9) | (27.6–60.5) | (31.5–78.1) | (32.9–657.8) | |
| FGF-β | 19.1 | 16.0 | 24.9 | 17.6 |
| (15.9–25.3) | (13.4–17.8) | (14.4–40.3) | (11.1–25.1) | |
| MCP-1 | 22.2 | 24.6 | 26.7 | 33.3 |
| (15.3–24.3) | (8.6–37.6) | (15.5–41.9) | (18.2–45.9) | |
| TNF-α | 25.7 | 23.9 | 32.7 | 35.1 |
| (22.6–34.1) | (21.1–29.9) | (22.2–89.2) | (21.6–112.7) | |
| PDGF | 10,103 | 8,492 | 10,862 | 8,211 |
| (7,873–11,145) | (7,774–10,431) | (7,544–13,615) | (5,795–10,298) | |
| IL-17 | 82.2 | 85.6 | 96.7 | 80.7 |
| (81.2–86.5) | (79.2–95.6) | (80.9–106.2) | (67.7–93.4) | |
| IL-8 | 9.4 | 20.4 | 14.9 | 11.7 |
| (7.9–45.0) | (7.3–191.4) | (9.2–180.2) | (9.9–20.3) | |
| IFN-γ | 178.1 | 184.6 | 206.6 | 191.2 |
| (153.9–219.5) | (151.1–208.5) | (143.1–360.8) | (109.7–246.5) | |
| IP-10 | 589.7 | 722.4 | 604.8 | 565.4 |
| (353.5–734.1) | (401.1–1,136.0) | (268.1–1,488.0) | (209.8–787.8) | |
| G-CSF | 14.1 | 15.5 | 13.7 | 16.0 |
| (11.9–18.2) | (11.5–17.3) | (10.6–17.2) | (11.3–19.6) | |
| TRAIL | 58.2 | 42.7 | 40.9 | 70.8 |
| (9.3–88.4) | (33.6–94.8) | (27.8–86.2) | (23.1–108.5) | |
| MIP-1β | 7.2 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 6.6 |
| (5.2–9.1) | (5.4–13.3) | (5.8–14.5) | (5.7–7.4) |
Notes:
All the values are given as median (interquartile range).
These detected cytokines in the sera samples showed no significant differences in between either of the sub-groups including controls smoker and non-smoker and also in between ex-smoker with COPD and smoker with COPD. The following cytokines are undetectable (below the detection limit of the assay) in the sera: NGF-β, IFN-α2, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Rα, IL-2Raα, IL-3, IL-5, LIF, MCP-3, M-CSF, MIF, MIP-1β, SDF-1α and TNF-β.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MIG, monokine induced by gamma-interferon; SCGF, stem cell growth factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; GRO, growth-related oncogene; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; NGF, nerve growth factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; R, receptor; Ra, receptor alpha; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MIF, migration inhibitory factor; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; SDF, stromal cell-derived factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.