Table 1.

Some examples of recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology in agriculture^a

Product	Application	Institution
Nanocides	Pesticides encapsulated in nanoparticles for controlled release	BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany
	Nanoemulsions for greater efficiency	Syngenta, Greensboro, NC, USA
Buckyball fertilizer	Ammonia from buckyballs	Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Nanoparticles	Adhesion-specific nanoparticles for removal of Campylobacter jejuni from poultry	Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
Food packaging	Airtight plastic packaging with silicate nanoparticles	Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany
Use of agricultural waste	Nanofibers from cotton waste for improved strength of clothing	Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Nanosensors	Contamination of packaged food	Nestle, Kraft, Chicago, USA
	Pathogen detection	Cornell University, Vevey, Switzerland
Precision farming	Nanosensors linked to a global positioning system tracking unit for real-time monitoring of soil conditions and crop growth	US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
Livestock and fisheries	Nanoveterinary medicine (nanoparticles, buckyballs, dendrimers, nanocapsules for drug delivery, nanovaccines; smart herds, cleaning fish ponds (Nanocheck [Nano-Ditech Corp., Cranbury, NJ, USA]), and feed (iron nanoparticles)).	Cornell University NanoVic, Dingley, Australia

Note:

^aAdapted from Kalpana-Sastry et al.⁶⁵