TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics among 24,032 participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort according to the FADS1 rs174546 genotype1
| Characteristics | Total | CC (n = 10,710) | CT (n = 10,661) | TT (n = 2661) | P-trend |
| n | |||||
| Women,2 % | 14,926 | 44.2 | 44.7 | 11.1 | 0.34 |
| Age, y | 24,032 | 57.9 (57.7, 58.0) | 57.9 (57.8, 58.1) | 57.9 (57.6, 58.2) | 0.86 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24,003 | 25.7 (25.6, 25.7) | 25.7 (25.6, 25.7) | 25.5 (25.3, 25.6) | 0.09 |
| Alcohol consumption, % | 23,881 | 0.40 | |||
| Zero-reporters | 1474 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 6.4 | |
| Low | 9712 | 40.9 | 40.0 | 40.3 | |
| Moderate | 5658 | 22.8 | 24.1 | 24.0 | |
| High | 5243 | 21.8 | 21.9 | 21.7 | |
| Very high | 1945 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 7.6 | |
| Cigarette smoking status, % | 24,022 | 0.85 | |||
| Current smoker | 6777 | 28.1 | 28.4 | 27.9 | |
| Former smoker | 7944 | 33.4 | 32.8 | 32.8 | |
| Never smoker | 9301 | 38.5 | 38.8 | 39.3 | |
| Education, % | 23,977 | 0.22 | |||
| Elementary | 9890 | 41.5 | 41.3 | 40.0 | |
| Primary and secondary | 6354 | 26.9 | 26.0 | 26.7 | |
| Upper secondary | 2142 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 9.4 | |
| Additional education without a degree | 2128 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 8.5 | |
| University degree | 3463 | 14.0 | 14.7 | 15.4 | |
| Leisure time physical activity, % | 23,881 | 0.95 | |||
| Very low | 2341 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.3 | |
| Low | 7916 | 33.1 | 33.0 | 33.8 | |
| Medium | 6849 | 28.8 | 28.6 | 28.7 | |
| High | 4638 | 19.2 | 19.6 | 19.6 | |
| Very high | 2137 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 8.5 | |
| Dietary intake | 24,032 | ||||
| Total energy intake, MJ/d | 9.53 (9.48, 9.57) | 9.53 (9.48, 9.57) | 9.53 (9.44, 9.62) | 0.98 | |
| Protein, E% | 15.7 (15.7, 15.8) | 15.8 (15.7, 15.8) | 15.7 (15.6, 15.8) | 0.47 | |
| Carbohydrates, E% | 45.2 (45.1, 45.4) | 45.2 (45.0, 45.3) | 45.1 (44.9, 45.3) | 0.44 | |
| Fiber, g/MJ | 2.16 (2.15, 2.17) | 2.16 (2.15, 2.17) | 2.15 (2.12, 2.17) | 0.53 | |
| Total fat, E% | 39.0 (38.9, 39.1) | 39.1 (39.0, 39.2) | 39.2 (39.0, 39.4) | 0.38 | |
| SFAs, E% | 16.8 (16.7, 16.9) | 16.8 (16.8, 16.9) | 17.0 (16.8, 17.1) | 0.08 | |
| MUFAs, E% | 13.6 (13.6, 13.6) | 13.6 (13.6, 13.6) | 13.6 (13.5, 13.7) | 0.69 | |
| PUFAs, E% | 6.16 (6.13, 6.19) | 6.18 (6.15, 6.21) | 6.12 (6.06, 6.18) | 0.57 | |
| Dietary PUFA intake | 24,032 | ||||
| ALA, E% | 0.74 (0.74, 0.75) | 0.75 (0.74, 0.75) | 0.74 (0.73, 0.75) | 0.53 | |
| Long-chain n–3 PUFAs, E% | 0.26 (0.25, 0.26) | 0.26 (0.25, 0.26) | 0.26 (0.25, 0.27) | 0.65 | |
| Total n–3 PUFAs, E% | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.90 | |
| LA, E% | 4.91 (4.88, 4.94) | 4.93 (4.90, 5.96) | 4.87 (4.82, 4.93) | 0.49 | |
| Total n–6 PUFAs, E% | 4.98 (4.95, 5.00) | 5.00 (4.97, 5.02) | 4.94 (4.88, 4.99) | 0.48 | |
| ALA-to-LA intake ratio, E% | 0.16 (0.16, 0.16) | 0.16 (0.16, 0.16) | 0.16 (0.16, 0.16) | 0.44 | |
| Total n–3-to-total n–6 PUFA intake ratio | 0.21 (0.21, 0.21) | 0.21 (0.21, 0.21) | 0.21 (0.21, 0.22) | 0.45 |
1
Data are expressed as means (95% CIs) for continuous variables or as percentages for categorical variables. ALA, α-linolenic acid; E%, energy percentage; FADS, fatty acid desaturase; LA, linoleic acid.
2
The difference in baseline characteristics between FADS genotype categories was tested using χ2 analyses for categorical variables or with a general linear model for continuous variables, P < 0.05. Continuous variables were adjusted for age and sex and ln transformed when testing differences of means (except age).