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. 2014 Jul 16;144(9):1480–1487. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.194340

TABLE 1.

Length, height, ULC, ULR, ULG, and arm span of infants and children by age, sex, and ethnicity1

n (%)2 Length Height ULC ULR ULG Arm span
cm cm cm cm cm cm
Overall 1479 (100) 71.1 ± 12.0 100.7 ± 8.7 12.8 ± 2.9 12.7 ± 2.9 13.3 ± 2.6 82.5 ± 19.6
Age (mo)
 0–11.9 574 (38.8) 65.3 ± 0.5a NA 10.1 ± 0.08a 9.8 ± 0.08a 10.5 ± 0.08a 62.8 ± 0.4a
 12–23.9 299 (20.2) 79.8 ± 0.5b NA 12.4 ± 0.09b 12.0 ± 0.10b 12.3 ± 0.09b 78.0 ± 0.5b
 24–35.9 193 (13.0) 91.9 ± 0.7c 91.3 ± 0.5a 14.2 ± 0.11c 13.8 ± 0.11c 14.0 ± 0.10c 91.6 ± 0.6c
 36–71.9 413 (27.9) NA 104.4 ± 0.4b 16.3 ± 0.08d 16.0 ± 0.08d 16.1 ± 0.08d 105.8 ± 0.4d
 P3 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Sex
 Boys 766 (51.8) 71.6 ± 0.3a 101.4 ± 0.3a 13.0 ± 0.06a 12.9 ± 0.06a 13.4 ± 0.06a 84.3 ± 0.3a
 Girls 713 (48.2) 69.9 ± 0.3b 100.5 ± 0.3b 12.7 ± 0.06b 12.5 ± 0.06b 13.1 ± 0.06b 82.7 ± 0.3b
 P4 <0.001 0.007 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Ethnicity
 NHW 296 (20.0) 70.6 ± 0.4 101.4 ± 0.4a 12.7 ± 0.09a 12.5 ± 0.09a 13.3 ± 0.09a 83.2 ± 0.5a
 Hispanic 665 (45.0) 70.6 ± 0.4 99.9 ± 0.5b 12.7 ± 0.09a 12.5 ± 0.10a 13.0 ± 0.09b 82.8 ± 0.5a,b
 NHB 385 (26.0) 71.5 ± 0.4a 102.5 ± 0.4a 13.3 ± 0.08b 13.2 ± 0.09b 13.7 ± 0.08c 86.3 ± 0.4c
 Other 129 (8.7) 70.1 ± 0.6b 98.9 ± 0.6b 12.5 ± 0.13a 12.3 ± 0.13a 12.8 ± 0.13b 81.1 ± 0.6b
 P5 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
1

Values are means ± SEs unless otherwise indicated. Length was measured in children aged ≤3 y (n = 941). Height was measured in children aged 2–5.9 y (n = 578). ULG was measured in children ≥3 mo (n = 1262). Values with different superscript letters in a column are significantly different, P < 0.05 (Bonferroni post hoc test). NA, not available; NHB, nonHispanic black; NHW, nonHispanic white; ULC, ulnar length by caliper; ULG, ulnar length by grid; ULR, ulnar length by ruler.

2

Totals may be <1479 because of missing values.

3

ANOVA or Student’s t test with study center as a random effect.

4

Student’s t test with study center as a random effect, adjusting for age.

5

ANCOVA with study center as a random effect, adjusting for age.