Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of studied variables by smoking status
| No attempt N (%) | Failed attempt N (%) | Quitting N (%) | Successful cessation N (%) | χ 2-test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 21.72* | ||||
| Female | 88 (13.64) | 85 (9.84) | 10 (18.52) | 76 (19.00) | |
| Male | 557 (86.36) | 779 (90.16) | 44 (81.48) | 324 (81.00) | |
| Education level | 16.06* | ||||
| Elementary school | 37 (5.74) | 54 (6.26) | 2 (3.70) | 40 (10.05) | |
| High school | 390 (60.47) | 516 (59.79) | 26 (48.15) | 210 (52.76) | |
| College above | 218 (33.8) | 293 (33.95) | 26 (48.15) | 148 (37.19) | |
| Occupations | 15.44 | ||||
| Senior officials and managers | 113 (17.52) | 153 (17.71) | 7 (12.96) | 78 (19.50) | |
| Professionals | 41 (6.36) | 62 ( 7.18) | 8 (14.81) | 39 ( 9.75) | |
| Technicians & clerks | 127 (19.69) | 176 (20.37) | 11 (20.37) | 90 (22.50) | |
| Salespersons & service workers | 163 (25.27) | 196 (22.69) | 15 (27.78) | 83 (20.75) | |
| Skilled agricultural and fishery work, craft and related trades workers, and elementary occupations | 201 (31.16) | 277 (32.06) | 13 (24.07) | 110 (27.50) | |
| Smoking restriction at home | 121.19* | ||||
| Totally prohibited | 46 (7.14) | 93 (10.79) | 11 (20.37) | 116 (29.07) | |
| Banned in some areas | 226 (35.09) | 280 (32.48) | 14 (25.93) | 77 (19.30) | |
| No restriction | 372 (57.76) | 489 (56.73) | 29 (53.7) | 206 (51.63) | |
| Smoking restriction at work | 48.82* | ||||
| Totally prohibited | 68 (10.79) | 116 (13.54) | 10 (18.52) | 98 (24.87) | |
| Banned in some areas | 257 (40.79) | 383 (44.69) | 28 (51.85) | 148 (37.56) | |
| No restriction | 305 (48.41) | 358 (41.77) | 16 (29.63) | 148 (37.56) | |
| Exposures to SHS at home | 67.92* | ||||
| No | 279 (44.29) | 377 (44.25) | 32 (60.38) | 267 (67.09) | |
| Yes | 351 (55.71) | 475 (55.75) | 21 (39.62) | 131 (32.91) | |
| Exposures to SHS at work | 30.67* | ||||
| No | 150 (23.66) | 241 (28.12) | 20 (38.46) | 155 (39.04) | |
| Yes | 484 (76.34) | 616 (71.88) | 32 (61.54) | 242 (60.96) | |
| Betel quid chewing | 105.99* | ||||
| No | 426 (66.25) | 626 (72.54) | 52 (96.30) | 369 (92.25) | |
| Yes | 217 (33.75) | 237 (27.46) | 2 (3.70) | 31 (7.75) | |
| Meana ± SD | Meanb ± SD | Meanc ± SD | Meand ± SD | Scheffe’s F test | |
| Age | 38.06 (11.4) | 38.64 (10.96) | 38.63 (14.21) | 43.44 (10.88) | 21.827* a < d, b < d, c < d |
| Knowledge about tobacco hazards | 3.23 (1.32) | 3.52 (1.21) | 3.5 (1.3) | 3.75 (1.24) | 14.781* a < b, a < d, b < d |
| Attitude toward smoking | 14.11 (2.19) | 14.66 (2.12) | 15.4 (2.05) | 16.23 (2.23) | 76.005* a < b, a < c, a < d, b < d |
| Cigarette consumption | 17.67 (10.04) | 16.88 (9.98) | 0.94 (1.84) | - | 440.934* a > c, b > c |
Note: SHS = second-hand smoking. *p < 0.05. aNo-attempt group; bFailed-attempt group; cQuitting group; dSuccessful-cessation group.