Table 1.
TAA composition |
Serum samples | Methods | Individual autoantibodies | Panel | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AUC | Sensitivity | Specificity | AUC | Sensitivity | Specificity | ||||
p53, c-myc, HER2, NY-ESO-1, BRCA1, BRCA2, and MUC1 |
40 DCIS versus 97 PBC versus 90 HC | ELISA | — | 24; 13; 18; 26; 8; 34; 20% (PBC versus HC) 15; 8; 13; 8; 3; 23; 13% (DCIS versus HC) |
96; 97; 94; 94; 91; 92; 98% | — | 64% (PBC versus HC) 45% (DCIS versus HC) | 85% | [26] |
| |||||||||
p53, p62, c-myc, cyclin B1, survivin, and IMP1 | 64 breast cancers versus 346 HC | ELISA |
Frequency of AABs to seven cancer-associated antigens: 7.8; 7.8; 18.8; 4.7; 7.8; 7.8% (breast cancer) and 1.4; 2; 1.2; 1.7; 2; 2% (HC) |
Frequency of AABs to any seven antigens: 43.8% (breast cancer) and 10.1% (HC) | [31, 32] | ||||
— | 67–92% | 85–95% | |||||||
| |||||||||
MUC1, cyclin D1, cathepsin D, p53, HER2, IGFBP-2, and TOPO2α | 184 late-stage IBC versus 134 HC | ELISA | Frequency of AABs to seven cancer-associated antigens: 20; 8; 5; 10; 13; 14; 7% (breast cancer) and 3; 5; 3; 1; 5; 1; 3% (HC) | Frequency of AABs to any p53. HER2. MUC1 and TOPO2α antigens: 31% (breast cancer) | [33] | ||||
0.48 (p53) | — | — | 0.61 (p53 + HER2) 0.63 (p53 + HER2 + IGFBP-2 + TOPO2α) |
— | — | ||||
| |||||||||
ASB-9, SERAC1, and RELT |
Training set: 5 breast cancers versus 5 HC | SEREX | 0.593; 0.642; 0.727 | 41; 47; 53% (training set) 59; 53; 65% (validation set) |
100; 100; 100% (training set) 65; 71; 77% (validation set) |
0.861 | 80% (training set) 77% (validation set) |
100% (training set) 82.8% (validation set) |
[34] |
Validation set: 87 breast cancers versus 87 HC | ELISA | ||||||||
| |||||||||
HSP60, MUC1, FKBP52, PPIA, PRDX2, HSP60, and MUC1 | Training set: 20 breast cancers versus 20 other cancers versus 20 AID versus 20 HC | SERPA | 0.69; 0.69; 0.66; 0.57; 0.59 (HC versus cancer) 0.63; 0.68; 0.66; 0.64; 0.63 (HC versus early-stage PBC) 0.73; 0.70; 0.65; 0.51; 0.56 (HC versus DCIS) |
35; 37; 50; 50; 45% (HC versus cancer) 44; 43; 43; 48; 45% (HC versus early-stage PBC) 27; 32; 55; 51; 45% (HC versus DCIS) |
87; 88; 87; 87; 86% (HC versus cancer) 86; 87; 90; 89; 87% (HC versus early-stage PBC) 90; 89; 87; 86; 84% (HC versus DCIS) |
0.74 (HC versus cancer) 0.73 (HC versus early-stage PBC) 0.80 (HC versus DCIS) |
60.5% (HC versus cancer) 55.2% (HC versus early-stage PBC) 72.2% (HC versus DCIS) |
77.2% (HC versus cancer) 87.9% (HC versus early-stage PBC) 72.6% (HC versus DCIS) |
[27] |
Validation set: 82 DCIS versus 60 early-stage PBC versus 93 HC | ELISA | ||||||||
| |||||||||
GAL3, PAK2, PHB2, RACK1, and RUVBL1 | Training set: 20 cancers (10 DCIS and 10 early-stage PBC) versus 20 BBL versus 20 AID versus 20 HC | SERPA | 0.61; 0.56; 0.55; 0.59; 0.52 (HC versus cancer) 0.67; 0.59; 0.62; 0.61; 0.59 (HC versus early-stage PBC) 0.56; 0.52; 0.50; 0.57; 0.50 (HC versus DCIS) |
32; 25; 24; 31; 24% (HC versus cancer) 47; 31; 32; 31; 31% (HC versus early-stage PBC) 24; 27; 18; 29; 18% (HC versus DCIS) |
94; 96; 97; 94; 94% (HC versus cancer) 88; 94; 94; 97; 93% (HC versus early-stage PBC) 97; 91; 97; 94; 94% (HC versus DCIS) |
0.81 (HC versus cancer) 0.81 (HC versus early-stage PBC) 0.85 (HC versus DCIS) |
62–66% (HC versus cancer) 63–71% (HC versus early-stage PBC) 73–82% (HC versus DCIS) |
83–87% (HC versus cancer) 81–84% (HC versus early-stage PBC) 74–82% (HC versus DCIS) |
[28] |
Validation set: 55 DCIS versus 59 early-stage PBC versus 68 HC | ELISA | ||||||||
| |||||||||
p62, p53, c-myc, survivin, p16, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, and CDK2 | Training set: 1 cancer versus 4 HC | Miniarray | Frequency of AABs to eight cancer-associated antigens: 12.2; 12.2; 22; 22; 12.2; 17.1; 17.1; 9.8% (breast cancer) and 1.2; 2.4; 0; 1.2; 2.4; 1.2; 2.4; 1.2% (HC) | Frequency of AABs to any eight antigens: 61% (breast cancer) and 11% (HC) | [29] | ||||
Validation set: 41 cancers versus 82 HC | ELISA | — | 22% (c-myc) | 100% (c-myc) | — | 61% | 89% | ||
| |||||||||
hnRNPF and FTH1 | Training set: 5 cancers versus 5 HC | SEREX | 0.725; 0.686 | 84.2; 81.2% | 60.8; 56.1% | 0.816 | 91.1% 89.3% (when combined with CA15-3) |
72% 93.8% (when combined with CA15-3) |
[30] |
Validation set: 155 breast cancers versus 155 HC versus 40 others cancers | ELISA | ||||||||
| |||||||||
RBP-Jk, HMGN1, PSRC1, CIRBP, and ECHDC1 | Training set: 20 DCIS versus 20 early-stage PBC | Microarray | 0.57; 0.58; 0.51; 0.51; 0.54 | 62.7; 59.3; 16.9; 80.6; 59.3% | 57.4; 54.1; 93.4; 31.8; 60.7% | 0.794 | 83.3–86.1% | 72.7–75% | [35] |
Validation set: 61 DCIS versus 59 early-stage PBC | ELISA |
TAA: tumor-associated antigens; AABs: autoantibodies; AUC: area under curve; DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situ; PBC: primary breast cancer; HC: healthy control; AID: autoimmune disease; BBL: benign breast lesions; Ref: references.