Table 1.
Effects of AFS cells and amniotic tissue-derived cell in stroke-related disease.
| Protective effects of AFS and amniotic tissue-derived stem cells in stroke-related disease | Reference |
|---|---|
| Stroke rats manifest a robust reduction of infarct volumes by 92% and reduced local inflammation. | Liu et al. (2008), Tao et al. (2012) and Broughton et al. (2013). |
| Cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and immature neuronal cells significantly upregulated in the subventrical zone and dentate gyrus of stroke rats. | Ekdahl et al. (2009), Jezierski et al. (2010), Zhang et al. (2010) and Prasongchean et al. (2012). |
| Reduced short term memory impairment and improved sensorimotor ability, somatosensory functions, and motor coordination in stroke rats. | Rehni et al. (2007) and Broughton et al. (2013). |
| Ischemic rats present an increase of neurogenesis in the hippocampus, leading to improved reference memory. | Tajiri et al. (2012). |
| Reversal of hemi-parkisonian syndrome and behavioral improvement thanks to the formation of new dopaminergic fibers in the denervated striatum. | Sheng et al. (1993) and Bankiewicz et al. (1994). |
| Rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion model express MAP2, Nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein that improve behavioral recovery. | Liu et al. (2008) and Tao et al. (2012). |
| The administration of melatonin significantly increases the proliferation and survival of human amniotic epithelial cells and boosts neuronal differentiation. | Kaneko et al. (2011). |
| Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells lack major histocompatibility complex class I molecule greatly reducing transplant rejection. | Tao et al. (2012) and Broughton et al. (2013). |
| Amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells have innate capacity to express factors for endothelialization and angiogenesis. Crucial for wound recovery in ischemic diseases. | Warrier et al. (2012) and Broughton et al. (2013). |
| Amniotic membrane cell grafts enhance the recovery of cardiac function. | Cargnoni et al. (2009). |
A synopsis of the beneficial behavioral and cognitive effects observed in experimental animals models of stroke.