Table 3.
Socio-economic characteristics associated with the use of self-medication, prescribed medicine and antibiotics to treat common colds (CCs) and upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) (n = 17,450)
| |
Self-medication
1
|
Prescribed medicine
1
|
Antibiotic use
1
|
|---|---|---|---|
| OR | OR | OR | |
|
Sex |
|
|
|
| Boys |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
| Girls |
1.04 (0.87, 1.25) |
1.04 (0.86, 1.26) |
1.52 (1.05, 2.18) |
|
Age (years) |
|
|
|
| 0-10 |
Reference |
2.27 (1.81, 2.85) |
Reference |
| 11-17 |
2.40 (1.87, 3.07) |
Reference |
1.45 (1.01, 2.08) |
|
Region |
|
|
|
| East |
Reference |
1.23 (0.94, 1.60) |
1.67 (1.19, 2.34) |
| West |
1.14 (0.90, 1.45) |
Reference |
Reference |
|
Immigration background |
|
|
|
| Yes |
Reference |
1.60 (1.21, 2.11) |
2.37 (1.51, 3.73) |
| No |
1.64 (1.28, 2.11) |
Reference |
Reference |
|
Social status |
|
|
|
| Low |
Reference |
1.58 (1.25, 1.99) |
1.57 (0.93, 2.64) |
| Intermediate |
1.44 (1.16, 1.80) |
1.55 (0.98, 2.53) |
1.55 (0.87, 2.75) |
| High | 1.77 (1.42, 2.20) | Reference | Reference |
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained from multivariate regression models 1includes WHO-ICD-10 codes J00, J01.0, J01.9, J02.0, J02.9, J03.0, J03.9, J04.0, J06.8, J06.9, J11.1, J11.8, R05 and R07.0.
German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), 2003–2006.